Tanwir al-Miqbas min Tafsir Ibn ‘Abbas
Attributed to Abu Tahir Muhammad Ibn
Ya‘qub al-Firuzabadi
Surah 10: Jonah (Yunus)
[10:1]
And from his narration on the authority of Ibn 'Abbas that he said
concerning Allah's saying (Alif. Lam. Ra): '(Alif. Lam. Ra.) Allah says: I am
Allah: I see; it is also said that it is an oath by which Allah swore. (These
are verses of the wise Scripture) this surah consists of the verses of the
clear Qur'an, expositing the lawful and the prohibited.
[10:2]
(Is it a wonder for mankind) for the people of Mecca (that We have inspired
a man among them) a human being like them, (saying: Warn mankind) warn the
people of Mecca by means of the Qur'an (and bring unto those who believe the
good tidings that they have a sure footing) a good reward; it is also said that
their faith in the life of this world is their sure footing with their Lord in
the Hereafter; it is also said that this means: they have a true prophet; as it
is said that this means: they have a true intercessor (with their Lord? The
disbelievers) the disbelievers of Mecca (say: Lo! This) Qur'an (is a mere
wizard) a mere lie.
[10:3]
(Lo! your Lord is Allah Who created the heavens and the earth in six days)
of the days of the life of this world at its beginning. The first day is Sunday
and the last is Friday, and each day the equivalent of one thousand years,
(then He established Himself upon the Throne) it is also said that this means:
the Throne was filled by Him, (directing all things) directing the matters of
His servants; it is also said that this means: He looks into the affairs of the
servants; and it is also said that this means: He sends the angels with
revelations and misfortunes. (There is no intercessor (with Him)) no close
angel and no sent prophet will intercede for anyone (save after His permission)
save after Allah's leave. (That is Allah, your Lord) it is your Lord Who does
thus, (so worship Him) profess His divine Oneness. (Oh, will ye not remind?)
will you not take heed?
[10:4]
(Unto Him is the return of all of you) after death; (it is a promise of
Allah in truth) this is the Truth which will surely take place. (Lo! He
produceth creation) from a sperm drop, (then reproduces it) after death, (that
He may reward those who believe) in Muhammad (pbuh) and in the Qur'an (and do
good works) between themselves and their Lord (with equity) with justice: [i.e.
they will earn as a reward] Paradise; (while, as for those who disbelieve) in
Muhammad (pbuh) and in the Qur'an, (theirs will be a boiling drink and painful
doom) whose pain will reach to their hearts (because they disbelieved) in
Muhammad (pbuh) and in the Qur'an.
[10:5]
(He it is who appointed the sun a splendour) for mankind during the daytime
(and the moon a light) for them at night, (and measured for her stages) He made
it consist of phases, (that ye might know the number of the years, and the
reckoning) that you might know the counting of months and days. (Allah created
not (all) that save in truth) in order to expound the Truth and the error. (He
detaileth the revelations) He details the verses of the Qur'an with signs of
divine Oneness (for people who have knowledge) for people who believe.
[10:6]
(Lo! in the difference of day and night) in the changing of the day and
night, their increase and decrease, their advent and elapsing (and all that
Allah hath created in the heavens) and in that which Allah has created: the
sun, the moon, the stars, etc., (and the earth) the trees, beasts, mountains,
oceans, etc., (are portents) are signs for the divine Oneness of the Lord,
(verily, for folk who ward off (evil)) for people who obey.
[10:7]
(Lo! those who expect not) those who fear not (the meeting with Us) through
resurrection after death; it is also said that this means: those who do not
believe in resurrection after death (but desire the life of the world) but
choose instead what is in the life of this world over the Hereafter (and feel
secure therein) and are pleased with this life, (and those who are neglectful)
deniers (of Our revelations) Muhammad (pbuh) and the Qur'an,
[10:8]
(Their home) their destiny (will be the Fire because of what they used to
earn) because of what they used to say and do of idolatry.
[10:9]
(Lo! those who believe) in Muhammad, Allah, bless him and give him peace,
and in the Qur'an (and do good works) they do works of obedience, in that which
is between them and their Lord, (their Lord guideth them) makes them enter
Paradise (by their faith. Rivers) of wine, water, honey and milk (will flow
beneath them) beneath their trees and habitations (in the Gardens of Delight),
[10:10]
(Their prayer) their words (therein) in Paradise when they desire anything
(will be: Glory be to Thee, O Allah!) following which servants will bring them
whatever they desire (and their greeting therein will be: Peace) they greet one
another by saying: Peace. (And the conclusion of their prayer) their words
after eating and drinking (will be: Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds!)
[10:11]
(If Allah were to hasten on for men the ill) they pray for (as they would
hasten on the good) they ask for, (their respite would already have expired)
they would already be destroyed. (But We suffer those who look not for the
meeting with Us) We leave those who do not fear resurrection after death (to
wander blindly on in their contumacy) in their disbelief and error.
[10:12]
(And if misfortune touch a man) when hardship or sickness befalls the
disbeliever, the reference here is to Hisham Ibn al-Mughirah and al-Makhzumi
(he cries unto Us, (while reclining) on his side, or sitting or standing, but
when We have relieved him of the misfortune) when We relieved him of the
hardship and misfortune which befell him (he goeth his way) he carries on his
abstention from making supplication to Us (as though he had not cried unto Us
because of a misfortune) a hardship (that afflicted him. Thus is what they do)
in their state of idolatry of making supplications in times of hardship and
abstaining from so making supplication to Allah in times of ease (made
(seeming) fair unto the prodigal) unto the idolaters.
[10:13] (We destroyed the generations before you when
they did wrong) when they disbelieved; (and their messengers (from Allah) came
unto them with clear proofs) with commands, prohibitions and signs (but they
would not believe) He says: they did not believe in that which they disbelieved
in on the day of the covenant. (Thus do We reward the guilty folk) We reward
the idolaters with destruction:
[10:14]
(Then We appointed you) O Community of Muhammad (pbuh) (vicegerents)
successors (in the earth after them) after their destruction, (that We might
see how ye behave) what you will do of goodness.
[10:15]
(And when Our clear revelations) detailing commands and prohibitions (are
recited unto them) are recited by you unto the scoffers: al-Walid Ibn
al-Mughirah and his host (they who look not for the meeting with Us) those who
do not fear resurrection after death while at the same time scoff (say: Bring)
O Muhammad (a Lecture other than this, or change it) putting the verses of
mercy in the place of the verses of chastisement and the verses of chastisement
in place of the verses of mercy. (Say) to them, O Muhammad: (It is not for me)
it is not permissible for me (to change it of my own accord. I only follow that
which is inspired in me) I do not say or do except that which is revealed to me
in the Qur'an. (Lo! If I disobey my Lord) by changing the revelation (I fear) I
know (the retribution of an awful Day) a severe Day.
[10:16]
(Say) O Muhammad: (If Allah had so willed) i.e. for me not to be a
Messenger (I should not have recited it to you) I should not have recited the
Qur'an to you (nor would He have made it known to you) and He would not have
made the Qur'an known to you. (I dwelt among you a whole lifetime) 40 years
(before it) before the revelation of the Qur'an, and before that I never said
anything. (Have ye then no sense?) do you not have the sense to understand that
it is not of my accord?
[10:17]
(Who doeth greater wrong) who is more insolent and daring vis-à-vis Allah
(than he who inventeth a lie concerning Allah and denieth His revelations)
Muhammad (pbuh) and the Qur'an? (Lo! the guilty) the idolaters (never are
successful) they will never be saved or safe from Allah's chastisement.
[10:18]
(They worship) i.e. the disbelievers of Mecca (beside Allah that which
neither hurteth them) in this life or in the Hereafter, if they did not worship
it, (nor profiteth them) in this life or in the Hereafter if they worshipped
it, (and they say: These) i.e. these idols (are our intercessors) which will
intercede for us (with Allah. Say) to them, O Muhammad: (Would ye inform Allah
of (something) that He knoweth not in the heavens or in the earth) i.e. He
knows there does not exist a god who hurts and benefits except Him? (Praised be
He) He exalted Himself far above having a son or partner (and high exalted
above) and absolves Himself from (all that ye associate (with Him)) of idols!
[10:19]
(Mankind) in the time of Abraham, and it is said in the time of Noah (were
but one community) following one religion: the religion of disbelief, and so
Allah sent prophets as warners and bringers of glad tidings; (then they
differed) two parties emerged: believers and disbelievers; (and had it not been
for a word) to delay the punishment of this nation (that had already gone forth
from thy Lord) that had already been enjoined by your Lord (it had been judged
between them) they would have been destroyed (about that) about religion
(wherein they differ) they opposed.
[10:20] (And they will say) i.e. the disbelievers of
Mecca: (If only a portent) a sign (were sent down upon him) i.e. to Muhammad
(pbuh) (from his Lord!) to vouchsafe his claim. (Then say) O Muhammad: (The
Unseen) regarding the sending of such a sign (belongeth to Allah. So wait) for
my destruction! (Lo, I am waiting with you) for your destruction.
[10:21]
(And when We cause mankind) when We enable the idolaters (to taste of
mercy) blessings (after some adversity) hardship (which had afflicted them,
behold! they have some plot against) they give the lie to (Our revelations)
Muhammad (pbuh) and the Qur'an. (Say: Allah is more swift in plotting) Allah's
punishment is more severe. Allah destroyed them on the Day of Badr. (Lo! Our
messengers) who record the deeds of mankind (write down that which you plot)
the lies you utter and the transgressions you commit.
[10:22]
(He it is Who maketh you to go) it is He Who protects you when you travel
(on the land) on mounting beasts (and the sea) on ships (till, when ye are in
the ships and they sail with them) with people aboard (with a fair breeze)
gentle and calm (and they are glad therein) the sailors are happy with the
gentle breeze, (a storm wind reaches them) i.e. the ships (and the wave cometh
unto them from every side and they deem) they know (that they are overwhelmed)
destroyed (therein; (then) they cry unto Allah, making their faith pure for Him
only) singling Him out alone in their supplication; (If Thou deliver us from
this) storm and hardship, (we truly will be of the thankful) among the obedient
believers.
[10:23]
(Yet when He hath delivered them) from the storm and drowning, (behold!
they rebel) they become insolent (in the earth wrongfully) without any right.
(O mankind!) O people of Mecca! (Your rebellion) your transgression and
insolence with one another (is only against yourselves) i.e. its onus is only
against you. ((Ye have) enjoyment of the life of the world) the benefits of the
life of this world perish and are not lasting; (then unto Us is your return)
after death (and We shall proclaim unto you) inform you about (what ye used to
do) and say of good and evil.
[10:24]
(The similitude of the life of the world) in terms of its permanence and
evanescence (is only as water) rain (which We send down from the sky, then the
earth's growth of that which men and cattle eat) grains and fruits for men and
plants and abundant grass for cattle (mingles with it till, when the earth hath
taken on her ornaments and is embellished) with the colours red, yellow and
green, (and her people) the plowmen (deem that they are masters of her) of her
yielding, (Our commandment) Our punishment (cometh by night or by day) just as
if sheep have trampled on its enclosure destroying all the plowmen's
plantations (and we make it as reaped corn) in the summer (as if it had not
flourished yesterday) as if they had not existed yesterday. (Thus do We expound
the revelation) We explain in the Qur'an the evanescence of the life of this
world (for people who reflect) upon the matter of this world and the Hereafter.
[10:25]
(And Allah summoneth) all created beings by means of the profession of
divine Oneness (to the abode of peace) the Peace (al-Salam) is Allah and His
abode is Paradise, (and leadeth whom He will to a straight path) an established
religion with which He is pleased, i.e. Islam.
[10:26]
(For those who do good) for those who profess Allah's divine Oneness (is
the best (reward)) i.e. Paradise (and more (thereto)) i.e. beholding Allah's
Countenance; it is also said that 'more' means: greater reward. (Neither dust)
darkness and gloominess (nor ignominy) grief (comes near their faces) are seen
on their faces. (Such are rightful owners of the Garden) the folk of Paradise;
(they will abide therein).
[10:27]
(And those who earn ill deeds) those who associate partners with Allah,
((for them) requital of each ill deed by the like thereof) Allah says: the
retaliation for associating partners with Allah is hell; (and ignominy
overtaketh them) grief and gloominess will appear on their faces. (They have no
protector) no one to save them (from Allah) from the punishment of Allah. (As
if their faces had been covered with a cloak of darkest night) i.e. of
darkness. (Such are rightful owners of the Fire) the folk of hell; (they will
abide therein) for ever.
[10:28]
(On the day when We gather them) the disbelievers and their gods (all
together, then We say unto those who ascribed partners) to Allah: idols: (Stand
back) stop, (ye and your (pretended) partners (of Allah)) you and your idols!
(And We separate them, the one from the other) We separated them from their
idols; and the disbelievers said: “these have commanded us to worship them
instead of worshipping You”; (and their (pretended) partners say) and their
idols respond: (It was not us ye worshipped) we did not command you to worship
us.
[10:29]
The disbelievers answer back and say: “you have indeed commanded us to
worship”, at which point the idols respond: (Allah sufficeth as a witness
between us and you, that we were unaware of your worship) we were ignorant of
your worship of us.
[10:30]
(There) at this juncture (doth every soul experience) know; and according
to another variant: read (that which it did aforetime) of good or evil, (and
they are returned unto Allah, their rightful Lord) their true God, (and that
which they used to invent) to wrongfully worship (hath failed them) being too
preoccupied to pay any attention to them.
[10:31]
(Say) to the disbelievers of Mecca, O Muhammad: (Who provideth for you from
the sky) through rain (and the earth) by means of vegetation and fruit, (or Who
owneth hearing and sight) He says: who is able to create hearing and sight;
(and Who bringeth forth the living from the dead) who is able to bring forth
the living from the dead, i.e. living creatures and beasts from sperm drops; it
is also said that this means: who can bring a bird from an egg or a spike from
a grain (and bringeth forth the dead from the living) sperm drops from living
creatures and beasts; it is also said that this means: an egg from a bird or a
grain from a spike; (and Who directeth the course) and who can direct and look
into the affairs of His servants and sends the angels with revelation,
Scriptures and misfortunes? (They will say: Allah. Then say) O Muhammad: (Will
ye not then keep your duty (unto Him)) will you not then obey Allah?
[10:32]
(Such then is Allah, your rightful Lord) the one who is able to do so is
your Lord, Who is the Truth and whose worship is the Truth. (After the Truth
what is there saving error) after worship of Allah what is your worship if not
worship of the devil? (How then are ye turned away) from whence do you invent
lies about Allah!
[10:33]
(Thus is the Word of your Lord) to impose His
chastisement (justified) enjoined (concerning those who do wrong) concerning
the disbelievers: (that they believe not) as it is in Allah's foreknowledge.
[10:34]
(Say) to them, O Muhammad: (Is there of your partners) your idols ((whom ye
ascribe unto Allah) one that produceth Creation) from a sperm drop and imbues
it with the spirit (and then reproduceth it) after death, on the Day of
Judgement? If they answer you, fine, if not (Say: Allah produceth creation)
from a sperm drop, (then reproduceth it) then brings back to life on the Day of
Judgement. (How then, are ye misled) from whence do you invent lies; it is also
said that this means: See, O Muhammad, how they are misled by lies!
[10:35]
(Say) to them, O Muhammad: (Is there of your partners) is there of your
idols ((whom ye ascribe unto Allah) one that leadeth to the Truth) and
guidance? If they answer, fine, if not, (Say: Allah leadeth to the Truth) and
guidance. (Is He Who leadeth to the Truth) and guidance (more deserving that He
should be followed) worshipped and obeyed, (or he who findeth not the way) he
who does not guide to the Truth or guidance (unless he (himself) be guided)
carried and taken wherever one wants. (What aileth you? How judge ye) evil is
that which you judge for yourselves?
[10:36]
(Most of them follow) worship (naught but conjecture) i.e. except through
conjecture. (Assuredly conjecture) their worship through conjecture (can by no
means take the place of truth) can by no means dispense them from Allah's
chastisement. (Lo! Allah is Aware of what they do) in their state of idolatry,
in terms of worshipping idols, and other things.
[10:37]
(And this Qur'an) which is recited to you by Muhammad (pbuh) (is not such
as could ever be invented in despite of Allah; but it is a confirmation of that
which was before it) it is a confirmation of the Torah, the Gospel, the Psalms
and all other Scriptures in that they all call to the profession of divine
Oneness and contain the traits and description of Muhammad (pbuh) (and an
exposition of that which is decreed for mankind) the Qur'an exposits the lawful
and the prohibited, the commands and prohibitions. (Therein is no doubt from
the Lord of the Worlds) from the Master of all worlds.
[10:38]
(Or say they) rather, the disbelievers of Mecca say: (He hath invented it)
Muhammad (pbuh) invented the Qur'an himself? (Say) to them, O Muhammad: (Then
bring a surah like unto it) like the surahs of the Qur'an, (and call (for help)
on all ye can) seek help for this purpose from those idols you worship (besides
Allah, if ye are truthful) that Muhammad (pbuh) has invented the Qur'an.
[10:39]
(Nay, but they denied that, the knowledge whereof they could not compass)
they denied that which their knowledge could not embrace, (and whereof the
interpretation) the consequence of what the Qur'an promised them (hath not yet
come unto them. Even so) just as your people deny the Scriptures and messengers
(did those before them deny) the Scriptures and messengers. (Then see) O
Muhammad (what was the consequence for the wrong-doers!) what was the end
result of the idolaters who denied the Scriptures and messengers and never
worshipped Allah. It is also said that this was a consolation from Allah,
glorified and Mighty is He, to His Prophet (pbuh) so that he endures their
harm.
[10:40]
(And of them) of the Jews (is he who believeth therein) he who believes in
Muhammad (pbuh) and the Qur'an, i.e. before his death, (and of them) of the
Jews (is he who believeth not therein) does not believe in Muhammad (pbuh) or
in the Qur'an and dies in a state of disbelief, (and your Lord is best aware of
the corrupters) of the Jews, and of those who believe and those who do not
believe; it is also said that this verse was revealed about the idolaters.
[10:41]
(And if they deny thee) and if your people deny, O Muhammad, what you say,
(say: Unto me my work) my religion, (and unto you your work) your religion.
(You are innocent of what I do) and follow as religion, (and I am innocent of
what ye do) and follow as religion.
[10:42]
(And of them) of the Jews (are some who listen unto thee) listen to your
words and speech; it is also said that this means: of the Arab idolaters who
listen to your words and speech. (But canst thou) O Muhammad (make the deaf to
hear even though they apprehend not) even though they have no desire to
apprehend?
[10:43]
(And of them) of the Jews; and it is said: of the idolaters (is he who
looketh towards you. But canst thou guide) lead to guidance (the blind even though
they see not) even though they do not desire to see the Truth and guidance?
[10:44]
(Lo! Allah wrongeth not mankind in aught) He neither decreases their good
works nor increases their evil deeds; (but mankind wrong themselves) through
disbelief, idolatry and transgressions.
[10:45]
(And on the day when He shall gather them) i.e. the Jews, the Christians
and the idolaters (together, (when it will seem) as though they had tarried) in
their graves (but an hour of the day, recognizing one another) recognising one
another in some places and not recognising one another in others, (those will
verily have perished) have lost (who denied the meeting with Allah) who denied
resurrection after death, because they have lost both this world and the Next
(and were not guided) from disbelief and error.
[10:46]
(Whether We let thee) O Muhammad (behold something of that which We promise
them) of chastisement (or (whether We) cause thee to die) before We show you, O
Muhammad, that which We promise them of chastisement, (still unto Us is their
return) after they die, (and Allah, moreover, is Witness over what they do) of
good and evil.
[10:47]
(And for every nation) for the adherents of each religion (there is a
messenger) who calls them to Allah and to His religion. (And when their
messenger cometh) to them and they deny (it will be judged between them) and
the Messenger (fairly) with justice: those people will perish and the Messenger
will be saved, (and they will not be wronged) their good works will not be
decreased nor will their evil deeds be increased.
[10:48]
(And they say) and the adherents of each religion say to their messenger:
(When will this promise) that you have promised us (be fulfilled, if ye are
truthful?)
[10:49] (Say) to them, O Muhammad: (I have no power
to) avoid (hurt or) bring (benefit) to (myself, save that which Allah willeth)
of hurt or benefit. (For every nation there is an appointed time) a respite and
determined time. (When their time cometh) when the time of their destruction
comes, (then they cannot put it off an hour) after the appointed time, (nor
hasten (it)) before the appointed time.
[10:50]
(Say) O Muhammad, to the people of Mecca: (Have ye thought: When His doom)
Allah's chastisement (cometh unto you as a raid by night, or in the (busy) day)
what you will do? (what is there of it) of Allah's chastisement (that the
guilty ones) the idolaters (desire to hasten?) and then say: we believe.
[10:51]
Say to them, O Muhammad: (Is it (only) then, when it hath befallen you)
when the punishment has befallen you, (that you will believe?) They said:
“Yes!” Say to them, O Muhammad, that it is said to them: (What! (Believe) now)
in the punishment, (when (until now) ye have been hastening it) the punishment
(on (through disbelief)) out of mockery?
[10:52]
(Then will it be said unto those who dealt unjustly) the idolaters: (Taste
the torment of eternity. Are ye requited) in the Hereafter (aught save what ye
used to earn) do and say in the life of this world?
[10:53]
(And they ask thee) O Muhammad (to inform them) i.e. about the punishment
and the Qur'an ((saying): Is it true) i.e. the punishment and the Qur'an? (Say:
Yea, by my Lord) say: yes, by my Lord, (verily it is true) the punishment will
truly happen, (and ye cannot escape) Allah's punishment.
[10:54]
(And if each soul that doeth wrong) that ascribes partners to Allah (had
all that is in the earth it would seek to ransom itself therewith) it would
ransom itself from Allah's punishment; (and they will feel remorse within them)
the leaders will conceal their remorse from the lowly among people, (when they
see the doom) when they see the chastisement. (But it hath been judged between
them) and the lowly among people (fairly) with justice (and they are not
wronged) none of their good works will be diminished and none of their evil
deeds will be increased.
[10:55]
(Lo! verily all that is in the heavens and the earth) of created beings and
marvels (is Allah's. Lo! verily Allah's promise is true) resurrection after
death will truly take place. (But most of them know not) most of them do not
believe.
[10:56]
(He quickeneth) upon the Resurrection (and giveth death) in the life of
this world, (and unto Him ye will be returned) after death.
[10:57]
(O mankind!) O people of Mecca! (There hath come unto you an exhortation) a
warning (from your Lord) regarding that which you are now in, (a balm) an
exposition (for that which is in the breasts) of blindness, (a guidance) from
error (and a mercy) which brings relief from punishment (for believers).
[10:58] (Say) O
Muhammad, to your Companions: (In the bounty of Allah) in the Qur'an with which
Allah has honoured you (and in His mercy) the religion of Islam, which Allah
has given you success to follow: (therein)
i.e. in the Qur'an and Islam (let them rejoice. It is
better) i.e. the Qur'an and Islam (than what they hoard) is better than what
the Jews and idolaters amass of wealth.
[10:59]
(Say) O Muhammad, to the people of Mecca: (Have ye considered what
provision) what crops and cattle (Allah hath sent down for you) Allah has
created for you, (how ye have made of it lawful) for men (and unlawful) for
women: i.e. the benefit of al-Bahirah, al-Sa'ibah and al-Ham? (Say) to them, O
Muhammad: (Hath Allah permitted you) has Allah commanded this, (or do ye invent
a lie concerning Allah) indeed you are inventing lies?
[10:60]
(And what think those who invent a lie concerning Allah) He will do with
them (upon the Day of Resurrection? Lo! Allah truly is Bountiful) favourable
(towards mankind) by delaying His punishment, (but most of them give not
thanks) for it nor do they believe.
[10:61]
(And thou art not) O Muhammad (occupied with any business) any matter (and
thou recitest not) on them (a lecture from this (Scripture)) a surah or a
verse, (and ye (mankind) perform no act) whether good or evil, (but We are
Witness) but We have knowledge (of you) and of your matter, recitation and
works (when ye are engaged therein) i.e. in the Qur'an and its denial. (And not
an atom's weight) of the servants' works (in the earth or in the sky escapeth)
is hidden from (your Lord, nor what is less) nor what is lighter (than that or
greater than that) or heavier, (but it is (written) in a clear Book) but it is
written in the Guarded Tablet.
[10:62]
(Lo! verily the) believing (friends of Allah are (those) on whom fear
(cometh) not) regarding any future punishment, (nor do they grieve) about that
which they have left behind.
[10:63]
Allah then showed who these are, saying: (Those who believe) in Muhammad
(pbuh) and in the Qur'an (and keep their duty (to Allah)) and ward off
disbelief, idolatry, and indecencies.
[10:64]
(Theirs are good tidings in the life of the world) through good dream
visions which they see or are seen in their favour (and in the Hereafter) by
entering Paradise. (There is no changing the Words of Allah) that they will
enter Paradise (that) good tiding (is the Supreme Triumph) the abounding
salvation: they earn Paradise and all that is in it and are saved from hell and
all that is in it.
[10:65]
(And let not their speech) their denial of you (grieve thee) O Muhammad.
(Lo! Power) might and invincibility (belongeth wholly to Allah) Who is able to
destroy them. (He is the Hearer) of what they say, (the Knower) of what they do
as well as of their punishment.
[10:66]
(Lo! is it not unto Allah that belongeth whosoever is in the heavens and
whosoever is in the earth) of created beings and He changes them as He wills?
(Those who follow) worship (aught instead of Allah follow not) worship not
((His) partners) gods in the form of idols. (They follow) they worship (only a
conjecture) by means of conjecture, and have no certainty (and they) i.e. the
leaders of the disbelievers (do but guess) they lie to those who are lowly
among them.
[10:67]
(He it is) i.e. it is your Lord (who hath appointed) created (for you the
night that you should rest therein and the day giving sight) and the day bright
and clear so that you are able to come and go. (Lo! Herein) in that which I
have mentioned (verily are portents) lessons (for a folk that heed) the
admonitions of the Qur'an and who also obey.
[10:68]
(They) the disbelievers of Mecca (say: Allah hath taken (unto Him) a son)
from the female angels. (Glorified be He!) Allah exonerates Himself from having
sons or partners. (He hath no needs!) He has no need for a son or partners.
(His is all that is in the heavens and all that is in the earth) of created
beings and marvels. (Ye have no warrant) you have neither scripture nor proof
(for this. Tell ye) indeed, you are saying (concerning Allah that which you
know not) of lies?
[10:69]
(Say) O Muhammad: (Verily those who invent a lie concerning Allah will not
succeed) they will not escape Allah's punishment nor will they be safe.
[10:70]
(This world's portion (will be theirs)) they will live in the life of this
world a little, (then unto Us is their return) after they die. (Then We make
them taste a dreadful) a severe (doom because they used to disbelieve) in
Muhammad (pbuh) and in the Qur'an and also because they invented lies about
Allah.
[10:71]
(Recite unto them the story of Noah) in the Qur'an, (when he told his
people: O my people! If my sojourn (here)) if my extended stay with you (and my
reminding you) and my warning of you (by Allah's revelations) from the
punishment of Allah (are an offence unto you, in Allah have I put my trust) I
rely in and consign my matter to Allah, (so decide upon your course of action)
unite upon one decision and one matter, (you and your partners) and seek the
help of your idols. (Let not your course of action be in doubt for you) do not
make your decision and matter too vague for yourselves. (Then come forth
against me, give me no respite) do not wait.
[10:72]
(But if ye are averse) from believing in that which I brought (I have asked
of you) in exchange for believing (no wage) no payment. (My wage) my reward for
calling you to believe (is the concern of Allah only, and I am commanded to be
of those who surrender (unto Him)) and to follow His religion.
[10:73]
(But they denied him) i.e. they denied that which Noah had brought them,
(so We saved him) from drowning (and those) believers who were (with him in the
ship, and made them vicegerents) and inhabitants of the earth, (while We
drowned those who denied Our revelations) We drowned those who denied Our
Scripture and Messenger Noah. (See then) O Muhammad (the nature of the
consequence for those who had been warned) the end result of those who were
warned by the messengers but did not believe.
[10:74] (Then, after him) after the destruction of the
folk of Noah, (We sent messengers unto their folk, and they brought them clear
proofs) commands, prohibitions and signs. (But they were not ready to believe
in that which they denied before) i.e. on the day of the covenant. (Thus print)
seal (We on the hearts of the transgressors) who engage in the prohibited
instead of the lawful.
[10:75]
(Then, after them) after these messengers, (We sent Moses and Aaron unto
Pharaoh and his chiefs with Our revelations) with Our Scripture; it is also
said that this means: with Our nine signs: the hand, the staff, the deluge, the
locusts, lice, frogs, blood, drought and shortage of harvests; it is also said
that the revelations here mean: obliteration, (but they were arrogant) deeming
themselves above faith, the Scripture, the Messenger and the revelations (and
were a guilty folk) and were idolaters.
[10:76]
(And when the Truth) the Scripture, the Messenger and the revelations (from
Our presence came unto them, they said: This) what Moses has brought (is mere
magic) is a manifest lie; and according to a different reading this means:
Moses is a lying sorcerer.
[10:77]
(Moses said) to them: (Speak ye (so) of the Truth) the Scripture, Messenger
and revelations (when it hath come unto you? Is this magic? Now magicians thrive
not) they have neither escape nor safety from Allah's chastisement.
[10:78]
(They said) to Moses: (Hast thou come unto us to pervert us from that
(faith) in which we found our fathers) of idol worship, (and that you two may
own the place of greatness) sovereignty and power (in the land) of Egypt? (We
will not believe you two).
[10:79]
(And Pharaoh said: Bring every cunning) every skilful (wizard unto me).
[10:80]
(And when the wizards came, Moses said unto them: Cast your cast) cast your
staffs and ropes!
[10:81]
(And when they had cast) their staffs and ropes, (Moses said) to them:
(That which ye have brought) that which you have cast (is magic. Lo! Allah will
make it vain) Allah will make it void. (Lo! Allah upholdeth not) Allah is not
pleased with (the work of mischief-makers) of sorcerers.
[10:82]
(And Allah will vindicate) Allah will manifest for His religion (the Truth
by His words) vindication, (however much the guilty be averse) even though the
idolaters dislike this.
[10:83]
(But none trusted) none believed (Moses, save some scions of his people)
from the people of Pharaoh: their fathers were Copts and their mothers were
Israelites, and so they believed in Moses, ((and they were) in fear of Pharaoh
and their chiefs, that they would persecute them) kill them. (Lo! Pharaoh was
verily a tyrant) a foe (in the land) to the religion of Moses, (and Lo! he
verily was of the wanton) he was of the idolaters.
[10:84]
(And Moses said: O my people! If you have believed in Allah then put trust
in Him, if ye have indeed surrendered (unto Him)) because you have indeed
surrendered to Allah!
[10:85]
(They said: In Allah we put trust. Our Lord! Oh, make us not a lure for the
wrong-doing folk) for the idolaters, i.e. do not give them mastery over us lest
they think themselves to be followers of the Truth and us followers of
falsehood;
[10:86]
(And, of Thy mercy, save us from the folk that disbelieve) from Pharaoh and
his folk.
[10:87]
(And We inspired Moses and his brother) Aaron, ((saying): Appoint houses)
places of worship in the interior of your houses (for your people in Egypt and
make your houses oratories) faced towards the direction of prayer, (and
establish worship) perform the five daily prayers. (And give good news to the
believers) that they shall obtain triumph, salvation and Paradise.
[10:88]
(And Moses said: Our Lord!) O our Lord! (Lo! Thou hast given Pharaoh and
his chiefs splendour) beauty (and riches) and abundant riches (in the life of
the world, Our Lord!) O our Lord! (that they may lead men astray) that by means
of it they may lead your servants astray (from Thy way) from Your religion and
obedience. (Our Lord! Destroy their riches and harden their hearts so that they
believe not) so that they will not believe (till they see the painful doom)
their own drowning.
[10:89]
(He said) Allah said to Moses and Aaron: (Your prayer is heard. Do ye twain
keep to the straight path) of faith, obedience of Allah and conveyance of the
message, (and follow not the road) the religion (of those who have no
knowledge) regarding Allah's divine Oneness and do not believe in Him. The
reference here is to Pharaoh and his folk.
[10:90]
(And We brought the Children of Israel across the sea, and Pharaoh with his
hosts pursued them in rebellion) with their words (and transgression) with the
intention of killing them, (till, when the (fate of) drowning overtook him, he
exclaimed: I believe that there is no God save Him in whom the Children of
Israel) Moses and his companions (believe, and I am of those who surrender
(unto Him)) following their religion.
[10:91]
The Archangel Gabriel said to him: (What! Now!) will you believe now upon
drowning (When hitherto) before this drowning (thou hast rebelled) disbelieved
in Allah (and been of the wrong-doers) in the land of Egypt, killing,
associating partners with Allah and calling for the worship of other than
Allah?
[10:92]
(But this day We save thee in your body) We save your cadaver in its armour
(that thou mayst be a portent) that you may be a lesson, such that they do not
claim what you claimed and know that you are not a god (for those after thee)
among the disbelievers. (Lo! most of mankind) i.e. the disbelievers (are
heedless of) are deniers of (Our portents) Our Scripture and Messenger.
[10:93]
(And We verily did allot unto) We verily did send to (the Children of
Israel a fixed abode) a noble land: Jordan and Palestine, (and did provide them
with good things) honey, quails and spoils of war (and they differed not) i.e.
the Jews and Christians regarding Muhammad (pbuh) and the Qur'an (until
knowledge) the exposition of what is their Scriptures about the traits and
description of Muhammad (pbuh) (came unto them. Lo! your Lord) O Muhammad (will
judge between them) between the Jews and Christians (on the Day of Resurrection
concerning that wherein they used to differ) regarding religion.
[10:94]
(And if thou) O Muhammad (art in doubt concerning that which We reveal unto
thee) concerning that with which We sent Gabriel, i.e. the Qur'an, (then
question those who read the Scripture) i.e. the Torah ((that was) before you)
'Abdullah Ibn Salam and his followers. The Prophet (pbuh) did not ask nor was
he ever in doubt about the Qur'an. Rather, Allah was addressing with these
words the people of the Prophet. (Verily the Truth from thy Lord) i.e. Gabriel
with the Qur'an from your Lord, containing the events of past nations (hath
come unto thee) O Muhammad. (So be not thou of the waverers) be not of the
doubters.
[10:95]
(And be not thou of those who deny the revelations of Allah) Allah's Book
and Messenger, (for then wert thou of the losers)
[10:96]
(Lo! those for whom the word of your Lord) that they will be punished (hath
effect) has been enjoined (will not believe) as it is in Allah's foreknowledge,
[10:97]
(Though every token) they asked you to provide (come unto them) they will
not believe, (till they see the painful doom) the Day of Badr, Uhud and the day
of the confederates.
[10:98]
(If only there had been a community (of all those that were destroyed of old)
that believed) if only the people of a township believed when the punishment
befell them (and profited by its belief) He says: their faith did not benefit
them upon the descent of punishment (as did the folk of Jonah) except the folk
of Jonah who benefited from their belief. (When they believed We drew off) We
diverted (from them the torment of disgrace) the severe punishment (in the life
of the world and gave them comfort for a while) We left them without punishment
until they died.
[10:99]
(And if thy Lord willed) O Muhammad, (all who are in the earth would have
believed together) all the disbelievers would have believed. (Wouldst thou
(Muhammad) compel men) would you coerce people (until they are believers) to
become believers?
[10:100]
(It is not for any) disbelieving (soul to believe) in Allah (save by the
permission of Allah) save by Allah's will and given success. (He hath set
uncleanness) He leaves denial (upon those) in the hearts of those (who have no
sense) who do not apprehend Allah's divine Oneness. This verse was revealed
about Abu Talib. The Prophet (pbuh) was so keen that he believes, but Allah did
not want him to believe.
[10:101]
(Say) to them, O Muhammad: (Behold what is in the heavens): the sun, the
moon and the stars (and the earth) what is in the earth: the trees, beasts,
mountains and oceans! These are all signs for you. (But revelations and
warnings) the messengers (avail not folk who will not believe) as it is in
Allah's foreknowledge.
[10:102]
(What expect they) is there any sign left for them (save the like of the
days of those who passed away) except the punishment of those who passed away
(before them) among the disbelievers? (Say) O Muhammad: (Expect then!) the
descent of punishment and my own destruction! (I am with you among the
expectant) of the descent of punishment and destruction upon you.
[10:103]
(Then shall We save Our messengers and the believers) in these messengers
after the destruction of their people, (in like manner (as of old)) thus. (It
is incumbent upon Us to save believers) with their messengers.
[10:104]
(Say) O Muhammad: (O mankind!) O people of Mecca (If ye are in doubt of my
religion) Islam, (then (know that) I worship not those whom ye worship) those
upon whom you call, of idols, (instead of Allah, but I worship Allah who
causeth you to die) Allah who takes away your souls and brings you back to life
after He makes you die, (and I have been commanded to be of the believers) with
the believers, following their faith.
[10:105]
(And, set thy purpose resolutely for religion) make your religion and works
sincere to Allah, (as a man by nature upright) surrendered to Allah, (and be
not of those who ascribe partners (to Allah)) do not be among the idolaters,
following their religion.
[10:106]
(And cry not) worship not, (beside Allah, unto that which cannot profit
thee) in the life of this world or in the Hereafter if you were to worship it
(nor hurt thee) if you did not worship it, (for if thou didst so) for if you
worshipped it (then wert thou of the wrong-doers) of those who harm themselves.
[10:107]
(If Allah afflicteth thee with some hurt) with hardship
or a disliked matter, (there is none who can remove it)
i.e. the harm (save Him; and if He desireth) and if He bestows upon you
(good for thee) a blessing or pleasant matter, (there is none who can repel His
bounty) there is none who can stop His gift, (He striketh with it) He favours
with His bounty (whom He will of His bondmen) whoever deserves it. (He is the
Forgiving) He forgives those who repent, (the Merciful) towards those who die
in a state of repentance.
[10:108]
(Say: O mankind!) O people of Mecca! (Now hath the Truth)
the Scripture and Messenger (from your Lord come unto you. So whosoever is
guided) by the Scripture and Messenger, (is guided only for (the good of) his
soul) i.e. its reward goes to him, (and whosoever erreth) and whoever
disbelieves in the Scripture and Messenger (erreth only against it) i.e. the
onus of his disbelief goes to him. (And I am not a warder) a trustee (over you).
This was abrogated by the verse of fighting.
[10:109]
(And) O Muhammad (follow that which is inspired in thee) that which you are
commanded in the Qur'an regarding the conveyance of the message, (and forbear)
in this conveyance (until Allah give judgement) until Allah judges between them
and you, i.e. through their killing and destruction on the Day of Badr. (And He
is the Best of Judges) He is the strongest of Judges: He is able to destroy
them and make you triumphant'. And of the surah in which Hud is mentioned,
which is Meccan in its entirety, and consists of 123 verses, 1,625 words and
6,950 letters:
