Tanwir al-Miqbas min Tafsir Ibn ‘Abbas
Attributed to Abu Tahir Muhammad Ibn
Ya‘qub al-Firuzabadi
Surah 6: (al‐An‘am)
[6:1]
And on his authority from Ibn 'Abbas, regarding Allah's saying (Praise be
to Allah) he said: '(Praise be to Allah) Allah says: gratitude and godhood are
Allah's, (Who hath created the heavens) in two days: Sunday and Monday (and the
earth) in two days: Tuesday and Wednesday, (and has appointed darkness and
light) He created faith and disbelief or night and day. (Yet those who
disbelieve) the unbelievers of Mecca (ascribe rivals) idols (unto their Lord).
[6:2]
(He it is Who hath created you from clay) i.e. from Adam and Adam was
created from clay, (and hath decreed a term for you) He created this world and
fixed a term for its extinction and made created beings whose lifespan expires
with death. (A term is fixed with Him) Allah knows the term of the Hereafter:
therein there is no death or evanescence. (Yet still you) O people of Mecca
(doubt) in Allah and resurrection after death!
[6:3]
(He is Allah in the heavens) He is the God of the dwellers of heaven (and
in the earth) and the God of all the dwellers of the earth. (He knoweth both
your secret and your utterance) He says: He knows what you keep hidden in your
breasts just as He knows what you make public, (and He knoweth what you earn)
of good or evil.
[6:4]
(Never came there unto them) i.e. unto the people of Mecca (a revelation of
the revelations of Allah) such as the eclipse of the sun or the splitting of
the moon or stars (but they did turn away from) except that they disbelieved in
(it) i.e. the sign.
[6:5]
(And they) the people of Mecca (denied the Truth) the Qur'an and the sign
(when it came unto them) when Muhammad (pbuh) came to them. (But there will)
this is a threat of punishment (come unto them the tidings of that which they
used to deride) the news of their derision and the punishment of their derision
on the Day of Badr and the Day of Uhud as well as on the Day of the
Confederates.
[6:6]
(See they not) were the people of Mecca not informed in the Qur'an (how
many a generation) past nations (We destroyed before them, whom We had
established) We gave them sovereignty and respite (in the earth more firmly
than We have established you) than the sovereignty and respite We have given
you, O people of Mecca, (and We shed on them abundant showers from the sky)
whenever they needed it, (and made the rivers flow beneath them) beneath their
fields, plantations and trees. (Yet We destroyed them for their sins) We
destroyed them because of denying the prophets, (and created after them another
generation) a different people who were better than they.
[6:7]
(Had we sent down unto thee (Muhammad)) if Gabriel had brought down the
Qur'an to you in one bulk ((actual) writing upon parchment) as asked for by
'Abdullah Ibn Umayyah al-Makhzumi and his friends, (so that they could feel it
with their hands) so that they would hold and read it, (those who disbelieve)
i.e. 'Abdullah Ibn Umayyah al-Makhzumi (would have said: This is naught else than
mere magic) a clear lie.
[6:8]
(They say) i.e. 'Abdullah Ibn Umayyah al-Makhzumi: (Why
hath not an angel been sent down unto him?) to testify for what he is saying.
(If We sent down an angel) as they are asking you, (then the matter would be
judged) he would come down to punish them and take away their souls; it is also
said that this means: if the angel comes down, he would destroy all of them;
(no further time would be allowed them (for reflection)) they would not be
allowed any delay.
[6:9]
(Had We appointed an angel) as Our messenger, (We assuredly had made him
(as) a man) in the form of a man such that they are able to look at him; (and
(thus) obscured for them) the real form of the angel ((as) they (now) obscure)
the traits and description of Muhammad.
[6:10]
(Messengers (of Allah) have been derided before thee) their people derided
them as your people are deriding you now, (but that whereat they scoffed
surrounded) befell (such of them) of the unbelievers (as did deride) the
punishment of their derision.
[6:11]
(Say) O Muhammad, to the people of Mecca: (Travel in the land, and see) and
reflect upon (the nature of the consequence for the rejecters!) what happened
to those who denied Allah and His messengers.
[6:12]
(Say) O Muhammad, to the people of Mecca: (Unto whom belongeth whatsoever
is in the heavens and the earth) of created beings? If they answer you, fine;
if not, (Say: Unto Allah) belongs the creation of the heavens and the earth.
(He hath prescribed for Himself mercy) for the Community of Muhammad (pbuh) in
deferring His punishment, (that He may bring you all together) by Allah, He
will bring you all together (to a Day) to the Day of Judgement (whereof there
is no doubt. Those who ruin their own souls) as well as their dwellings, servants
and spouses in Paradise (will not believe) in Muhammad and the Qur'an.
[6:13]
And about their saying to Muhammad (pbuh): “revert to our religion and we
shall make you rich, marry you, give you status and make you king over us”,
Allah said: (Unto Him belongeth whatsoever resteth in the night and the day. He
is the Hearer) of their saying, (the Knower) of their punishment and of the
provisions of created beings.
[6:14]
(Say) to them, O Muhammad: (Shall I choose for a protecting friend) for a
lord to worship (other than Allah, the Originator of the heavens and the earth,
who feedeth) provides sustenance to the servants (and is never fed?) is never
provided sustenance; it is also said: He is not helped in providing sustenance
to His servants. (Say) to the unbelievers of Mecca, O Muhammad: (I am ordered
to be the first to surrender (unto Him)) the first to embrace Islam; it is also
said that this means: the first among the people of his time to worship
sincerely and declare Allah's divine Oneness. (And be not thou (O Muhammad) of
the idolaters) with the idolaters, following their religion.
[6:15]
(Say) O Muhammad: (I fear) I know, (if I rebel against my Lord) and worship
other than Him, I would be reverting back to your religion, (the retribution of
an Awful Day) I would face then a tremendous torment on an Awful Day; it is
also said that this means: I would be facing torment on an Awful Day.
[6:16]
(He from whom) such retribution (is averted on that day)
the Day of Judgement ((Allah) hath in truth had mercy on him) He had preserved
and forgiven him. (That) forgiveness (will be the signal triumph) a great
salvation.
[6:17]
(If Allah touch thee with) if Allah brings on you (affliction) hardship and
penury, (there is none that can relieve therefrom) none can lift them from you
(save Him, and if He touch thee with) if Allah brings on you (good fortune)
blessing and wealth ((there is none that can impair it); for He is Able to do
all things): hardship and penury, blessing and wealth.
[6:18]
(He is the Omnipotent) the All-Conquering (over His slaves, and He is the
Wise) in His command and decree, (the Knower) of His created beings and their
works.
[6:19]
When they said to the Prophet (pbuh) bring us a witness to testify that you
are a prophet, Allah said: (Say) to them, O Muhammad: (What thing is of most
weight) that is, fairer and most pleasing (in testimony?) If they answer, fine,
if not (Say: Allah is witness between you and me) that I am His Messenger and
this Qur'an is His speech. (And this Qur'an hath been inspired in me) and that
Gabriel has brought down this Qur'an to me, (that I may warn therewith you)
with the Qur'an (and whomsoever it may reach) I am a warner to him. (Do ye) O
people of Mecca (in sooth bear witness that there are gods beside Allah) i.e.
idols: you say that they are Allah's daughters? And if they bear witness, (Say:
I bear no such witness) with you. (Say) O Muhammad: (He is only One God) the
true God is only One God. (Lo! I am innocent of that which you associate (with
Him)) of idols in worship.
[6:20]
(Those unto whom We gave the Scripture) those unto who We gave the
knowledge of the Torah, i.e. 'Abdullah Ibn Salam and his followers (recognise
(him)) Muhammad through his traits and description (as they recognise their
sons. Those who ruin their own souls) through losing this world and the Next,
i.e. Ka'b Ibn al-Ashraf and his followers (will not believe) in Muhammad or the
Qur'an.
[6:21]
(Who doth greater wrong) and is more daring (than he who inventeth a lie
against Allah) by associating with Him other gods (and denieth His revelations)
Muhammad and the Qur'an? (Lo! the wrong-doers) the disbelievers and idolaters
(will not be successful) will not escape or be safe from Allah's torment.
[6:22]
(And on the Day We gather them together) all mankind on the Day of
Judgement (We shall say unto those who ascribed partners (unto Allah): Where
are (now) those partners) idols (of your make-believe) that you worshipped and
claimed they would intercede for you?
[6:23]
(Then will they have no contention) excuse or answer (save that they will
say: By Allah, our Lord, we never were idolaters).
[6:24]
(See) O Muhammad; and it is also said the address here is to the angels
(how they lie against themselves) how they have prescribed upon themselves the
punishment of their lies, (and (how) the thing which they devised) how what
they falsely worshipped; it is also said that this means: how what they
invented has become void (hath failed them!) in that they are busy with their
own plight.
[6:25] (Of them are some who listen unto you) Allah
says: of the people of Mecca there are some who listen to your speech and
words, among them Abu Sufyan Ibn Harb, al-Walid Ibn al-Mughira, al-Nadr Ibn
al-Harith, 'Utbah and Shaybah the sons of Rabi'ah, Umayyah Ibn Khalaf, and
al-Harth Ibn 'Amir, (but We have placed upon their hearts veils) a cover, (lest
they should understand) so that they do not understand your speech or words,
(and in their ears a deafness) so that they do not hear the Truth and guidance;
it is also said this means: We have placed a heaviness in their ears so that
they cannot comprehend the guidance. (If they saw every token) they have asked
you to produce (they would not believe therein) this was asked by al-Harth Ibn
'Amir; (to the point that, when they come unto thee to argue with thee) asking
you about what was revealed in the Qur'an, and when you informed them, (the
disbelievers) i.e. al-Nadr Ibn al-Harith (say: This) what Muhammad says (is
naught else than fables of the men of old) the lies and stories of people of
old.
[6:26]
(And they) Abu Jahl and his folk (forbid (men) from it) from Muhammad and
the Qur'an (and avoid it) prevent people from it and steer away from it; it is
also said that this relates to Abu Talib [the Prophet's uncle] who used to warn
against harming the Prophet (pbuh) even though he did not accept his message,
(and they ruin none save themselves, though they perceive not) they do not
realise that they carry the same sins of the men they are warning.
[6:27]
(If thou couldst see) O Muhammad (when they are set before) locked up in
(the Fire and say: Oh, would that we might return!) to the world (Then would we
not deny the revelations of our Lord) i.e. in the Scriptures and messengers
(but we would be of the believers!) with the believers inwardly and outwardly.
[6:28]
(Nay, but that) their punishment (hath become clear unto them which before)
in the life of this world (they used to hide) their disbelief and idolatry.
(And if they were sent back) to the life of this world, as they request (they
would return unto that which they are forbidden) their disbelief and idolatry.
(Lo! they are liars) because were they to be returned, they would still not
believe.
[6:29]
(And they say) i.e. the disbelievers of Mecca: (There is naught save our
life of the world, and we shall not be raised (again)) after we die.
[6:30]
(If thou couldst see) O Muhammad (when they are set before) constrained
before (their Lord! He will say) Allah says to them; it is also said that this
means: the angels say to them: (Is not this real?) Is not this torment and
resurrection after death real? (They will say: Yea, verily, by our Lord!) It is
the Truth as informed by the messengers (He will say: Taste now the retribution
for that ye used to disbelieve) in your resurrection after death.
[6:31]
(They indeed are losers who deny their meeting with Allah) i.e. deny their
resurrection after death; Allah says: leave them (until, when the Hour cometh
on them suddenly, they cry: Alas for us) how great is our sadness, and how
sorry we are, (that we neglected it!) that we neglected faith and repentance in
our worldly life. (They bear upon their back their burdens) their sins. (Ah,
evil is that which they bear) of sins!
[6:32] (Naught is the life of the world) the comfort
and enjoyment of the life of the world is nothing (save a pastime) amusement
(and a sport) worthless activity. (Better far is the abode of the Hereafter)
i.e. Paradise (for those who keep their duty (to Allah)) for those who ward off
disbelief, idolatry and indecencies. (Have ye then no sense?) Do you not
comprehend that this world is evanescent and that the Hereafter is everlasting?
[6:33]
(We know well how their talk) their slander, denial and demand for proofs
(grieveth thee) O Muhammad, (though in truth they) i.e. al-Harth Ibn 'Amir and
his followers (deny not thee (Muhammad)) inwardly (but evil-doers) the
idolaters (flout the revelations of Allah) quite openly.
[6:34]
(Messengers indeed have been denied before thee) their people denied them
as your people deny you now, (and they were patient under the denial) of their
own people (and the persecution) and they were patient in the face of their
people's harm (till Our succour reached them) through the destruction of their
people. (There is none to alter the decisions of Allah) in that He helps His
friends against His enemies. (Already there hath reached thee) O Muhammad
((somewhat) of the tidings of the messengers (We sent before)) how their people
denied them, as your people deny you now, and how they were patient.
[6:35]
(And if their aversion is grievous unto thee, then, if thou canst, seek a
way down) a tunnel (into the earth) such that you enter it (or a ladder) or a
method or way which enables you to rise (unto the sky that thou mayst bring
unto them a portent (to convince them all)) then do so! (If Allah willed, He
could have brought them all together to the guidance) to the declaration of
Allah's divine Oneness. (So be not thou among the foolish ones) regarding My
decree about their disbelief.
[6:36]
(Only those can accept) believe and obey (who hear) who give their assent;
it is also said: those who comprehend admonition. (As for the dead) the dead of
the Battle Badr, Uhud, and the Battle of the Confederates; it is also said that
this means: the dead of heart, (Allah will raise them up) after death; (then
unto Him they will be returned) in the place of mustering and He will reward
them for their works.
[6:37]
(They say) i.e. the disbelievers of Mecca: al-Harth Ibn 'Amir and his folk:
Abu Jahl Ibn Hisham, al-Walid Ibn al-Mughira, Umayyah and Ubayy the sons of
Khalaf: (Why hath no portent been sent down upon him from his Lord) to prove
his prophethood? (Say) to them, O Muhammad: (Lo! Allah is Able to send down a
portent) as they have asked. (But most of them know not) they have no knowledge
of it being sent.
[6:38]
(There is not an animal in the earth, nor a flying creature flying on two
wings) between the earth and sky, (but they are peoples) creations and servants
(like unto you) they resemble you in eating, copulation, understanding one
another, just as you understand one another: this is a sign for you. (We have
neglected nothing in the Book) We have neglected nothing that We have inscribed
in the Preserved Tablet; We have mentioned everything in the Qur'an. (Then unto
their Lord they) the birds and beasts (will be gathered) with all other created
beings on the Day of Judgement.
[6:39]
(Those who deny our revelations) i.e. deny Muhammad and the Qur'an (are
deaf) of heart; it is also said that this means: they pretend not to hear the
Truth (and dumb) they pretend to be dumb in relation to the Truth and guidance
(in darkness) i.e. they adhere to disbelief. (Whom Allah will He sendeth
astray) He makes him die in a state of disbelief, (and whom He will) He makes
him die such that (He placeth on a straight path) places on the straight path
which He is pleased with; it is also said that this means: Allah forsakes whom
He will and guides, gives success and firmness in adhering to the straight path
(Islam), which He is pleased with, to whom He will.
[6:40]
(Say: Can ye see yourselves) what you are saying, O people of Mecca, (if
the punishment of Allah come upon you) such was the case on the Day of Badr,
Uhud or the Confederates (or the Hour come upon you) or if torment comes upon
you on the Day of Judgement, (calling upon other than Allah? Do ye then call
(for help) to any other than Allah) to lift the torment from you? ((Answer
that) if ye are truthful) that the idols are His partners.
[6:41]
(Nay, but unto Him ye call) meaning that they will not call anyone except
Allah to lift the torment from them, (and He removeth that because of which you
call unto Him, if He will, and you forget) you leave (whatever partners ye
ascribed unto Him) you leave the idols and do not call unto them.
[6:42]
(We have sent already unto peoples that were before you) just as We have
sent you to your people, (and We visited them with tribulation) fear from one
another, affliction and hardship, when they did not believe (and adversity)
illness, pain and hunger, (in order that they might grow humble) in order that
they may believe and pray that I lift the punishment from them.
[6:43]
(If only, when our disaster) punishment (came on them, they had been
humble) they had believed! (But their hearts were hardened) their hearts dried
up (and the devil made all that they used to do) in their disbelief that such is
the state of life: hardship alternates with ease and comfort (seem fair unto
them!)
[6:44]
(Then, when they forgot that whereof they had been reminded) when they
turned their backs on that which they had been commanded with in the Scripture,
(We opened unto them the gates of all things) vegetation, land fertility and
comfort (till, even as they were rejoicing in that which they were given)
vegetation, land fertility and comfort, (We seized them unawares) with
punishment, (and lo! they were dumbfounded) despairing of any good.
[6:45]
(So of the people who did wrong) who ascribed partners to Allah, they were
exterminated through punishment (the last remnant was cut off. Praise be to
Allah) say praise and thanks be to Allah, (Lord of the Worlds!) for their
extermination.
[6:46]
(Say: Have ye imagined) what you are saying, O people of
Mecca, (if Allah should take away your hearing) such that you do not hear any
admonition or guidance (and your sight) such that you do not see the Truth (and
seal your hearts) such that you do not perceive the Truth or guidance, (who is
the God) referring here to the idols (who could restore it to you) that which
Allah has taken away from you (save Allah? See) O Muhammad (how We display the
revelations unto them) how We explain the Qur'an to them? (Yet still they turn
away) they deny the revelations.
[6:47]
(Say: Can ye see yourselves) O people of Mecca, (if the punishment of Allah
come upon you unawares) suddenly (or openly? Would any perish) through such a
punishment (save wrong-doing folk?) who disobey that with which they have been
commanded; it is also said that this refers to the idolaters.
[6:48]
(We send not the messengers save as bearers of good news) of Paradise for
whoever believes (and warners) of the Fire for whoever disbelieves. (Whoso
believeth) in the messengers and Scriptures (and doeth right) regarding that
which is between him and his Lord, (there shall no fear come upon them) when
fear comes upon the folk of hell (neither shall they grieve) when the people of
hell grieve.
[6:49]
(But as for those who deny Our revelations) those who deny Muhammad and the
Qur'an, (torment will afflict them for that they used to disobey) because of
their denial of Muhammad and the Qur'an.
[6:50]
(Say) O Muhammad, to the people of Mecca: (I say not unto you (that) I
possess) the keys to (the treasures of Allah): vegetations, fruits, rain or
punishment, (nor that I have knowledge of the Unseen) when punishment is
inflicted; (and I say not unto you: Lo! I am an angel) from heaven. (I follow)
I do and say (only that which is inspired in me) only that which I am commanded
with in the Qur'an. (Say) O Muhammad: (Are the blind man and the seer equal?)
Are the believer and disbeliever equal in acts of obedience and reward? (Will
ye not then take thought) about the similes of the Qur'an? This verse was
revealed about Abu Jahl and his companions al-Nadr Ibn al-Harith and 'Uyaynah,
and then it was revealed about the clients.
[6:51]
(Warn hereby) warn by the Qur'an; it is also said that this means: warn by
Allah (those who fear) those who know and have certainty, among them Bilal Ibn
Rabah, Suhayb Ibn Sinan, Mihja' Ibn Salih, 'Ammar Ibn Yasir, Salman al-Farisi,
'Amir Ibn Fuhayrah, Khabbab Ibn al-Aratt and Salim, the client of Abu
Hudhayfah, (that they will be gathered unto their Lord) after death, (for whom
there is no protecting friend) to protect them (nor intercessor beside Him) to
interceded for them or save them from the torment, (that they may ward off
(evil)) ward off transgressions, and this will help them perform works of
obedience.
[6:52]
(Repel not) O Muhammad, because of what 'Uyaynah Ibn Hisn al-Fazari has
said-he said: “repel these from you so that the nobles of Mecca come to you, hear
you and believe in you”-and these nobles also asked 'Umar to request the
Prophet (pbuh) to allocate one day for them and another for weak believers, but
Allah rejected this and warned them against such a deed, (those who call upon
their Lord) Salman and his fellow believers, among the clients, who worship
their Lord (at morn and evening) through performing the five daily prayers,
(seeking His Countenance) and by doing so they only seek Allah's Countenance
and good pleasure. (Thou art not accountable for them) for their provision (in
aught, nor are they accountable for you) for your provision (in aught, that
thou shouldst repel them and be of the wrong-doers) of those who harm
themselves.
[6:53]
(And even so) thus (do We try) test (some of them by
others) the Arab by the client and the noble by the lowly person. This was
revealed about 'Uyaynah Ibn Hisn al-Fazari, 'Utbah and Shaybah the sons of
Rabi'ah, Umayyah Ibn Khalaf al-Jumahi, al-Walid Ibn al-Mughirah al-Makhzumi,
Abu Jahl Ibn Hisham, Suhayl Ibn 'Amr and their likes among the leaders of the
Quraysh who were tested by the clients, (that they) i.e.
'Uyaynah Ibn Hisn al-Fazari and his lot (say: Are these)
i.e. Salman and his fellow believers (they whom Allah favoureth) with faith
(among us? Is not Allah best aware of the thanksgivers) of the believers, those
who deserve such favour?
[6:54]
(And when those who believe in Our revelations) in our Book and Messenger;
the reference here is to 'Umar Ibn al-Khattab (come unto thee, say) O Muhammad:
(Peace be unto you!) Allah has accepted your repentance and excuse (Your Lord
hath prescribed for Himself mercy) for anyone who repents, (that whoso of you
doeth evil) sins (through ignorance) intentionally even though he did not know
its due punishment (and repenteth afterward thereof) and repents of this sin
(and doeth right) in relation to that which is between him and his Lord, ((for
him) lo! Allah is Forgiving) He overlooks sins, (Merciful) towards him who
repents.
[6:55]
(Thus do We expound the revelations) We expound the Qur'an, explaining
commands, prohibitions as well as their events (that the way of the unrighteous
may be manifest) the way of the idolaters, 'Uyaynah and his folk, why it is
that they do not believe?
[6:56]
(Say) O Muhammad to 'Uyaynah and his folk: (I am forbidden) in the Qur'an
(to worship those on whom you call) you worship (instead of Allah) i.e. idols.
(Say) O Muhammad to 'Uyaynah and his folk: (I will not follow your desires) by
worshipping idols and repelling Salman and his fellow believers from me, (for
then) for if I do that (should I go astray) from guidance (and I should not be
of the rightly guided) to that which is right if I were to do so.
[6:57]
(Say) O Muhammad to al-Nadr Ibn al-Harith and his folk: (I am (relying) on
clear proof from my Lord) and I have full insight of my matter and religion,
(while you deny Him) you deny the Qur'an and Allah's divine Oneness. (I have
not that for which ye are impatient) i.e. your punishment. (The decision) to
send a punishment on you (is for Allah only. He telleth the Truth) His
judgement is just and He commands only that which is right (and He is the Best
of Deciders) the best of Judges.
[6:58]
(Say) O Muhammad: (If I had that for which ye are impatient) i.e.
punishment, (then would the case (ere this) have been decided between me and
you) you would have already been destroyed. (Allah is best aware of the
wrong-doers) of the punishment of the idolaters: al-Nadr Ibn al-Harith and his
folk. Then, the punishment for which al-Nadr Ibn al-Harith asked happened: he
was killed in captivity on the Day of Badr.
[6:59]
(And with Him are the keys of the invisible) the stores of the unseen:
rain, vegetation, fruits, and the descent of punishment you asked for on the
Day of Badr. (None but He knoweth them) no one knows the keys of the unseen:
when the punishment for which you are impatient will come down on you. (And He
knoweth what is in the land and the sea) of created beings and marvels; it is
also said that this means: Allah knows what He destroys in the land and in the
sea. (Not a leaf falleth) from a tree (but He knoweth it) He knows how many
times it spins in the air before it falls, (not a grain amid the darkness of
the earth) under a rock at the bottom of the earth except that He knows it, (naught
of wet) i.e. water (or dry) steppe (but (it is noted) in a) written (clear
record) all of it is in the Guarded Tablet: with their precise measure and
time.
[6:60] (He it is Who gathereth you at night) He
takes your souls away in your sleep (and knoweth that which ye commit) you earn
(by day. Then He raiseth you again to life) He returns to you again your souls
(therein) in the day, (that the term appointed (for you) may be accomplished)
that your lifespan and provisions reach their terms. (And afterward unto Him is
your return) after you die. (Then He will proclaim unto you what ye used to do)
of good and evil.
[6:61]
(He is the Omnipotent) the All-Conquering (over His slaves. He sendeth
guardians) angels: two angels during the day and two at night; they record your
good and bad deeds (over you until, when death cometh unto one of you, Our
messengers) i.e. the angel of death and his assistants (receive him, and they
neglect not) they do not delay the time of death by even a fraction of a
second.
[6:62]
(Then are they restored unto Allah) on the Day of Judgement, (their Lord,
the Just) Who is in charge of their right and just reward and punishment; it is
also said (their Lord, the Just) means: their true God whom they ought to have
worshipped, but they did not worship Him truly as He ought to have been
worshipped. However, objects of worship other than Allah are void. (Surely His
is the judgement) between people on the Day of Judgement. (And He is the most
swift of reckoners) when He takes people to task, He does so swiftly.
[6:63]
(Say) O Muhammad to the disbelievers of Mecca: (Who delivereth you from the
darkness) from the hardships and tumults (of the land and the sea? Ye call upon
Him humbly and in secret) openly and in secret, ((saying): If we are delivered
from this) from these hardships and tumults (we truly will be of the thankful)
of the believers.
[6:64]
(Say) to them, O Muhammad: (Allah delivereth you from this) from the
hardships of the sea and the land (and from all afflictions) from all grief and
turmoil. (Yet ye) people of Mecca (attribute partners) idols (unto Him).
[6:65]
(Say) to them, O Muhammad: (He is able to send punishment upon you from
above you) as He did on the people of Noah and the people of Lot (or from
beneath your feet) or make the earth swallow you as it swallowed Korah, (or to
bewilder you with dissension) make divide into conflicting sects as He did with
the Children of Israel after the prophets (and make you taste the tyranny) the
sword of (one of another. See) O Muhammad (how We display the revelations) how
We expound in the Qur'an the events of past nations and that which We did with
them (so that they may understand) so that they may understand Allah's commands
and His divine Oneness.
[6:66]
(Your people) the Quraysh ((O Muhammad) have denied it) the Qur'an, (though
it) the Qur'an (is the Truth. Say) O Muhammad: (I am not put in charge of you)
I do not guarantee to take you to Allah as believers.
[6:67]
(For every announcement there is a term) for every saying from Allah, and
for every command, prohibition, promise, threat, glad tiding of victory or
punishment that you receive from Me, there is a term-it is an act and fact from
Him, some of which will happen in this world and some in the Hereafter, (and ye
will come to know) of all of it in this world or in the Hereafter; it is also
said that (For every announcement there is a term) means: every action and
speech reflects a true meaning that is in your hearts, and you shall see what
will be done with you.
[6:68]
(And when thou seest those who meddle with Our revelations) those who mock
you and mock the Qur'an, (withdraw from them) leave their assembly (until they
meddle with another topic) such that they talk about something other than the
Qur'an and such that they cease mocking you. (And if the devil cause thee to
forget) after being warned against it, (sit not, after the remembrance) after
being reminded, (with the congregation of wrong-doers) the idolaters. Allah
commanded His Prophet with this in Mecca, but the prophetic Companions found it
hard to implement. They were later given dispensation to sit with the idolaters
so as to admonish and warn them.
[6:69]
(Those who ward off (evil)) those who ward off disbelief, idolatry,
indecencies and mockery (are not accountable for them) for their sins,
disbelief and mockery towards the believers (in aught, but the Reminder) by
means of the Qur'an ((must be given them) that haply they (too) may ward off
(evil)) disbelief, idolatry, indecencies and mocking the Qur'an and Muhammad
(pbuh).
[6:70]
(And forsake those who take their religion) the Jews, Christians, and the
Arab polytheists who took the religion of their forefathers (for a pastime) a
joke (and a jest) a mockery; it is also said that this means: religion for them
is a merriness and fiction (and whom the life of the world beguileth) the
comfort and bounties of the world beguiled them. (Remind (mankind) hereby)
admonish through the Qur'an; it is also said this means: admonish by Allah
(lest a soul be destroyed) be weakened and punished (by what it earneth) of
sins. (It) the soul (hath beside Allah) against Allah's punishment (no friend)
no close friend to defend it (nor intercessor) to intercede for it, (and though
it offer every compensation) even if it brings all that which is on the face of
the earth to compensate for it (it will not be accepted from it. Those) who
mock (are they who perish) to be humiliated and punished; these are 'Uyaynah,
al-Nadr and their folk, (by their own deserts) because of their own sins. (For
them is drink of boiling water and a painful doom, because they disbelieved) in
Muhammad and the Qur'an.
[6:71]
(Say) O Muhammad, to 'Uyaynah and his folk: (Shall we cry) do you ask us to
worship (instead of unto Allah, unto that which neither profiteth us) if we
worshipped it, neither in this world nor in the Hereafter (nor hurteth us) if
we did not worship it, neither in this world nor in the Next, (and shall we
turn back) to idolatry (after Allah hath guided us) has honoured us with His religion,
(like) if we were to do so, we would be like (one bewildered) erred from
guidance (whom the devils have infatuated) lured down (in the earth, who hath
companions) 'Uyaynah has friends, the prophetic Companions (who invite him to
the guidance) to Islam ((saying): Come unto us) obey us? While 'Uyaynah was
inviting them to idolatry. It is also said that this verse was revealed about
Abu Bakr and his son 'Abd al-Rahman. Prior to embracing Islam, 'Abd al-Rahman
used to invite his parents to his religion. Allah said to his Prophet: tell Abu
Bakr to say to his son 'Abd al-Rahman: are you asking us O 'Abd al-Rahman, to
worship, instead of Allah, that which does not benefit us in this world in our
provision or livelihood or in the Hereafter if we were to worship it, nor hurt
us, if we did not worship it? Are you really asking us to return to our old
religion after Allah has guided us to the religion of Muhammad (pbuh). If we
were to do as you ask us, we would be like 'Abd al-Rahman who erred and whom
the devils lured away from Allah's religion. The parents of 'Abd al-Rahman-Abu
Bakr and his wife-invited him to Islam and repentance, while he invited them to
idolatry. His parents say to him: obey us and embrace Islam. (Say) O Muhammad:
(Lo! the guidance of Allah is Guidance) the religion of Allah is Islam and our
Qiblah is the Ka'bah, (and we are ordered to surrender) to make our worship and
confession of Allah's divine Oneness sincere (to the Lord of the Worlds) to
Allah, Lord of the Worlds,
[6:72] (And to establish worship) the five daily
prayers (and ward off (evil)) obey Allah, (and He it is unto Whom ye will be
gathered) after you die and will reward you for your works.
[6:73]
(He it is Who created the heavens and the earth in truth) to expound the
Truth and expose falsehood; it is also said that this means: to show that they
are ephemeral and evanescent. (In that day when He saith) to the wall: (Be! it
is) i.e. the heavens will become a wall which will be blown into, like one
blows into a horn. Then the heaven will be changed into a different heaven; it
is also said that (Be! it is) means: when He says to the Day of Judgement:
“Be”, and it will be. (His word) regarding the resurrection (is the Truth, and
His will be the Sovereignty) the judgement between the servants (on the Day
when the trumpet is blown. Knower of the invisible) that which will happen in
the future (and the visible) that which has already happened; it is also said
that the 'invisible' refers to that which is unseen by people while 'the visible'
refers to that which Allah's servants see, (He is the Wise) in His command and
decree, (the Aware) of His created beings and of their works.
[6:74]
((Remember) when Abraham said unto his father Azar) who was Terah the son
of Nahur: (Takest thou idols) do you worship idols (for gods) so many gods:
small and large, male and female? (Lo! I see thee) O my father (and thy folk in
error manifest) in manifest disbelief and wrong in so worshipping idols.
[6:75]
(Thus did We show Abraham the kingdom of the heavens and the earth) that
which is between the heavens and the earth: the sun, the moon and the stars
when he came out of the hole into which he was thrown (that he might be of
those possessing certainty) that he might be of those who acknowledge that Allah
is One, the Creator of the heavens and the earth and all that which is in them;
it is also said that Allah showed him this on the night He made him ascend to
heaven. He saw up to the seventh heaven and the seventh earth, so that he may
have the certitude of inspiration:
[6:76]
(When the night grew dark upon him) in the hole (he beheld a star) the
planet Venus. (He said: This is my Lord) could this be my Lord? (But when it
set) when its colour changed to red and it disappeared, (he said: I love not
things that set) I do not love a lord that is not lasting.
[6:77]
(And when he saw the moon uprising, he exclaimed: This my Lord) could this
be my Lord? This is bigger than the first one. (But when it set, he said:
Unless my Lord guide me) unless my Lord makes me firm on guidance, (I surely
shall become one of the folk who are astray) from guidance.
[6:78]
(And when he saw the sun uprising) filling everything
[with its light], (he cried: This is my Lord!) Could this be my Lord? (This is
greater!) This is bigger than the first and the second. (And when it set) when
it disappeared, Abraham said: I do not love a lord who is not lasting. If Allah
does not guide me, I shall be of those who err. It is also said that Abraham
said 'this is my Lord' mocking his people, for his people worshipped the sun,
the moon and the stars. He therefore objected to such worship by mocking them,
saying to them: could the like of these be a Lord? When he emerged from the
hole and went to his people-he was then 17 years old-he looked at the sky and
the earth and then said: my Lord is Him Who has created this. He then proceeded
until he found a group of his people attending with devotion to their idols,
(he exclaimed: O my people! Lo! I am free from all that ye associate (with
Him)) of idols.
[6:79]
When they asked him: who do you worship? He said: (Lo! I have turned my
face towards) I have made my religion and works sincere to (him Who created the
heavens and the earth, as one by nature upright) Muslim, (and I am not of the
idolaters) who follows their religion.
[6:80]
(His people argued with him) regarding their gods and threatened him by
them so that he would leave the religion of Allah. (He) Abraham (said: Dispute
ye with me concerning Allah) do you argue with me in favour of your gods and
threaten me so that I might leave the religion of my Lord (when He hath guided
me) to His religion? (I fear not at all that which ye set beside Him) i.e.
idols (unless my Lord willeth aught) to take away the knowledge from my heart
such that I fear what you do. (My Lord includeth all things in His knowledge)
my Lord knows that you do not follow the Truth: (Will ye not then remember)
take admonition from the warning I am telling you about?
[6:81]
(How should I fear that which ye set up beside Him) of idols, (when ye fear
not) Allah (to set up beside Allah that for which He hath revealed unto you no
warrant) no Scripture or proof? They threatened him with their gods, saying: we
fear that if you vilify our gods, they will take away your sanity. (Which of
the two factions) which of the adherents of the two religions: you or I (hath
more right to safety) from the God Whom he worships? ((Answer me that) if ye
have knowledge) of this.
[6:82]
When they did not answer what Abraham asked them, He said: (Those who
believe and obscure not their belief by wrong-doing) have not mixed their
belief with idolatry, and are not hypocrites, (theirs is safety) from their
Lord; (and they are rightly guided) to that which is right; it is also said
that this means: those they are who have safety from punishment and are guided
to the proof [of faith].
[6:83]
(That is Our argument. We gave it) We inspired it (unto Abraham against his
folk. We raise unto degrees) merits, by bestowing upon him power, status,
argument and the knowledge of Allah's divine Oneness (of wisdom whom We will)
whoever is fit for it. (Lo! thy Lord is Wise) in inspiring His friend with
clear arguments, (Aware) of the argument of His friends and of the punishment
of His enemies.
[6:84]
(And We bestowed upon him) upon Abraham (Isaac) as a son
(and Jacob) as a grandson; (each of them)
i.e. Abraham, Isaac and Jacob (We guided) We honoured by bestowing upon
them prophethood and Islam (surrender to Allah); (and Noah did We guide) We
honoured him by bestowing upon him prophethood and Islam (aforetime) i.e.
before Abraham; (and of his seed) of the seed of Noah; it is also said that
this means: of the seed of Abraham ((We guided) David and Solomon and Job and
Joseph and Moses and Aaron) We guided all of them by bestowing upon them
prophethood and Islam. (Thus do We reward the good) in their works and speech;
it is also said that this means: those who confess Allah's divine Oneness.
[6:85]
(And Zachariah and John and Jesus and Elias. Each one (of them)) We guided
by bestowing upon them prophethood and Islam; and all of them were of the seed
of Abraham (was of the righteous) i.e. they were messengers.
[6:86] (And Ishmael and Elisha and Jonah and Lot.
Each one of them) all these prophets (did We prefer) by means of prophethood
and Islam (above (Our) creatures) above the people of their own time, both
believers and unbelievers.
[6:87]
(With some of their forefathers) Adam, Seth, Enoch, Noah, Hud, and Salih:
We guided all of them by bestowing prophethood and Islam upon them, (and their
offspring) i.e. the offspring of Jacob (and their brethren) i.e. the brothers
of Joseph: We guided them all to prophethood and Islam; (and We chose them and
guided them unto a straight path) i.e. We made them firm on a straight path:
[6:88]
(Such) the straight path (is the guidance of Allah) the religion of Allah
(wherewith He guideth whom He will) whoever is fit for it (of His bondmen. But
if they had set up (for worship) aught beside Him) had these prophets
associated anyone or anything with Allah, ((all) that they did) of works (would
have been vain).
[6:89]
(Those are they) We told you about of the prophets (unto whom We gave the
Scripture) which Gabriel brought down from heaven (and command) knowledge and
understanding (and prophethood. But if these) the people of Mecca (disbelieve
therein) in their way and religion, (then indeed We shall entrust it to) We
have given success to follow the way and religion of the prophets to (a people)
in Medina (who will not be disbelievers therein) in the way and religion of the
prophets.
[6:90]
(Those) prophets whom We have told you about (are they whom Allah guideth)
to the most noble of character traits, (so follow their guidance) follow their
most noble character, such as patience, endurance, good will, contentment, and
other similar traits. (Say) O Muhammad, to the people of Mecca: (I ask of you
no fee) no wage (for it) for Allah's divine Oneness or for the Qur'an. (Lo! It)
the Qur'an (is naught but a Reminder) an admonition (to (His) creatures) the
jinn and human beings.
[6:91]
(And they measure not the power of Allah its true measure) they do not
glorify Allah as He should be glorified (when they say: Allah hath naught) no
Scripture (revealed unto a human being) among the prophets. This verse was
revealed about Malik Ibn al-Sayf, the Jew, who claimed that Allah did not
reveal any Scripture to human beings. (Say) O Muhammad, to Malik: (Who revealed
the Book which Moses brought, a light) an exposition and enlightenment (and
guidance for mankind) from error, (which ye have put) written (on parchments
which ye show) many things which do not contain the traits and description of
the Prophet (pbuh) (but ye hide much (thereof)) you hide many portions of it
which contain the traits and description of Muhammad (pbuh) (and by which ye
were taught) of legal rulings, punishment, the lawful and the unlawful as well
as the traits and description of Muhammad (pbuh) in the Scripture (that which
ye knew not yourselves nor (did) your fathers (know it)) before the revelation
of legal rulings and punishments? If they answer and say it was Allah, then
fine, if they do not, (Say: Allah) revealed it. (Then leave them to their play
of cavilling) let them indulge in their falsehood: quibbling and lying.
[6:92]
(And this) i.e. the Qur'an (is a blessed Scripture) contains mercy and
forgiveness for him who believes in it (which We have revealed) which Gabriel
brought down, (confirming that which (was revealed) before it) agreeing with
the Torah, the Gospel, the Psalms and with all earlier Scriptures as regard
Allah's divine Oneness and the traits and description of Muhammad (pbuh) (that
thou mayst warn) by means of the Qur'an (the Mother of Villages) i.e. the
people of Mecca; it is also said that (the Mother of Villages) means: the
largest of villages; it is also said that it was called (the Mother of
Villages) because the earth was levelled from beneath it (and those around her)
of the rest of lands. (Those who believe in the Hereafter) those who believe in
resurrection after death and in the bliss of Paradise (believe herein) believe
in Muhammad and the Qur'an, (and they are careful of their worship) and they
observe the appointed time for the five daily prayers.
[6:93]
(Who is guilty) who is more tyrannical and more daring (of more wrong than
he who forgeth a lie against Allah, or saith) Allah did not reveal anything,
this is Malik Ibn al-Sayf, or him who says: (I am inspired) with a Scripture,
(when he is not inspired in aught) with any Scripture, this is Musaylimah, the
liar; (and who saith: I will reveal the like of that which Allah hath revealed)
I will say the like of what Muhammad (pbuh) is saying: this is 'Abdullah Ibn
Sa'd Ibn Abi Sarh. (If thou couldst see) O Muhammad, (when the wrong-doers) the
idolaters and the hypocrites, on the Day of Badr (reach the pangs of death and
the angels stretch their hands out) to take out their souls, (saying: Deliver
up your souls) your spirits. (This day) the Day of Badr, as it is said it is
the Day of Judgement (ye are awarded doom of degradation) a severe doom (for
that ye spake concerning Allah other than the Truth, and scorned) you thought
yourselves too great to believe in Muhammad (pbuh) and the Qur'an, (His
portents) Muhammad (pbuh) and the Qur'an.
[6:94]
(Now have ye come unto Us solitary) with nothing: no wealth and no
offspring (as We did create you at the first) in the world, without wealth or
offspring, (and ye have left behind you) in the worldly life (all that We
bestowed upon you, and We behold not with you those your intercessors) your
gods, (of whom ye claimed that they possessed a share in you) they were your
intercessors. (Now is the bond) the connection and love (between you severed,
and that which ye presumed) you worshipped and say that they are your
intercessors, i.e. idols (hath failed you) for they are occupied with their own
selves.
[6:95]
(Lo! Allah (it is) who spliteth the grain) i.e. He creates all kinds of
grains; it is also said that this means: He creates that which is in the grains
(of corn and the date-stone (for sprouting)) just as He creates all that which
contains stones. (He bringeth forth the living from the dead) He brings forth
living creatures and beasts from sperm drops; it is also said that this means:
He creates birds from eggs; and it is said that this means: He creates a spike
of grain and fruits from grains and stones, (and is the bringer forth of the
dead from the living) He brings forth sperms from living creatures and beasts;
it is also said that this means: He creates eggs from birds; and it is said
that this means: He creates grains from corn and fruits. (Such) who does this
(is Allah) and not any other god. (How then are you perverted) why then do you
lie?
[6:96]
(He is the Cleaver of the Daybreak) He is the Creator of the morning of the
day, (and He hath appointed the night for stillness) for created beings, (and
the sun and the moon) and He has created the sun and the moon (for reckoning)
i.e. their phases change according to precise measures; it is also said that
this means: the sun and the moon are suspended between the sky and the earth,
rotating. (That is the measuring of the Mighty) i.e. through the providence of
the Mighty in retribution vis-à-vis whoever does not believe in him, (the Wise)
in His providence and who knows those who believe in Him and those who do not.
[6:97]
(And He it is Who hath set for you the stars that ye may guide) that you
may know (your course by them amid the darkness of the land and the sea) and
their terror when you travel by land or sea. (We have detailed Our revelations)
We have exposited the Qur'an and the signs of divine Oneness (for a people who
have knowledge) that it is from Allah, i.e. the genuine believers.
[6:98] (And He it is Who hath produced) created (you
from a single being) from Adam, (and (hath given you) a habitation) in the
wombs (and a repository) in the loins; it is also said this means: He has given
you a habitation in the loins and repository in the wombs. (We have detailed
Our revelations for a people who have understanding) of Allah's command and His
divine Oneness.
[6:99]
(He it is Who sendeth down water) rain (from the sky, and therewith We
bring forth) by means of the rain (buds of every kind) of grains and other
things; (We bring forth) from the earth by means of the rain (the green blade)
green vegetation (from, which) from this green vegetation (we bring forth the
thick clustered grain) clustered in spikes of grain and in other vegetations;
(and from the date-palm, from the pollen thereof, spring pendant) close by,
accessible to anyone standing or sitting (bunches; and (We bring forth) Gardens
of grapes, and the) trees of (olive and the pomegranate) trees, (alike) in
colour, referring here to pomegranates (and unlike) in taste. (Look upon the
fruit thereof, when they bear fruit, and upon its ripening. Lo! Herein) in the
difference of their colour (verily are portents) signs (for a people who
believe) that they are from Allah.
[6:100]
(Yet they ascribe as partners unto Him the jinn) they said: Allah, Exalted
is He, and Satan are brothers and partners: Allah is the Creator of human
beings, beasts and cattle while Satan is the Creator of snakes, scorpions and
predatory beasts. This is the claim of the Magians, (although He did create
them) and command them to declare His divine Oneness, (and impute falsely,
without knowledge) without knowledge, argument or proof, (sons) as claimed by
the Jews and Christians (and daughters unto Him) among the angels and idols, as
claimed by the Arab idolaters. (Glorified be He) He has exonerated Himself from
having children or partners (and high exalted) and He absolves Himself (above
(all) that they ascribe (unto Him)) of sons and daughters.
[6:101]
(The Originator) the Creator (of the heavens and the earth!) He created them
when they were nothing before such creation. (How can He have a child, when
there is for Him no consort) no wife, (when He created all things and is Aware
of all things) of all created beings?
[6:102]
(Such is Allah, your Lord) He Who does so is your Lord. (There is no God
save Him) alone without any partner, (the Creator of all things, so worship
Him) declare His divine Oneness and do not ascribe partners to Him. (And He
taketh care) He is witness; as it is said that this means: He is the guarantor
of the provision (of all things) of all created beings.
[6:103]
(Vision comprehendeth Him not) in this world, nor do created beings see
what He sees. Sights will not comprehend the modality of seeing Him in the
Hereafter nor will created beings be able to see Him in this world, (but He
comprehendeth (all) vision) in this world and in the Hereafter: He sees that
which human beings do not see and nothing escapes or is hidden from Him. (He is
the Subtile) in His actions whose knowledge surrounds His created beings, (the
Aware) of His created beings and their actions.
[6:104]
(Proofs) an exposition (have come unto you from your Lord) i.e. the Qur'an,
(so whoso seeth) believes in the Qur'an, (it is for his own good) reward, (and
whoso is blind) disbelieves (is blind to his own hurt) punishment. (And I am
not a keeper over you) to protect you.
[6:105] (Thus do We display Our revelations) We
expound the Qur'an regarding their matter (that they may say (unto thee,
Muhammad): “Thou hast studied,”) you have learnt and acquired these traits from
another person; it is also said that this means: in order that they do not say
you acquired these traits from another person; and it is also said that it
could mean: so that they do not say you have learnt it from Abu Fukayhah, a
client from the Quraysh, or from Jabr and Yasar, two other clients from the
Quraysh; and it could also mean: these are old stories (and that We may make
(it) clear for people who have knowledge) who believe it is from Allah.
[6:106]
(Follow that which is inspired in you from thy Lord) act
upon that which is revealed to you from your Lord,
i.e. the Qur'an: what is lawful and unlawful; (there is no God save Him)
there is no creator or provider save Him; (and turn away from the idolaters)
those who mock, among whom are al-Walid Ibn al-Mughirah al-Makhzumi, al-'As Ibn
Wa'il al-Sahmi, al-Aswad Ibn 'Abd Yaghuth al-Zuhri, al-Aswad Ibn al-Harith Ibn
'Abd al-Muttalib, and al-Harith Ibn Qays Ibn Hanzalah.
[6:107]
(Had Allah willed) that they did not ascribe partners to Allah, (they had
not been idolatrous). We have not set you as a keeper over them) to protect
them, (nor art thou responsible for them) nor are you their custodian.
[6:108]
(Revile not those unto whom they pray) worship (beside Allah lest they
wrongfully revile Allah through ignorance) because they have no knowledge,
argument; this after He told them: (Lo! you (idolaters) and that which you
worship beside Allah are fuel of hell) but then this was abrogated by the verse
of fighting. (Thus) as We made their religion and works seem fair to them (unto
every nation) to every adherents of a religion (have We made their deed) and
their religion (seem fair. Then unto their Lord is their return) after they
die, (and He will tell them what they used to do) in relation to their
religion.
[6:109]
(And they swear a solemn oath) an utmost oath, for when one swears by
Allah, one swears a solemn oath (by Allah that if there come unto them a
portent) as they have asked (they will believe therein) they will believe in
that sign. (Say) O Muhammad, to those who sneer and their folk: (Portents are
with Allah) the signs come from Allah (and (so is) that which telleth you) and
how do you know, O believers (that if such) the signs (came unto them they
would not believe) by Allah they will not believe in the sign.
[6:110]
(We confound their hearts and their eyes) upon the revelation of the sign
such that they do not believe in it. (As they believed not therein) just as
they did not believe in that which the Prophet (pbuh) informed them about the
sign (at the first) before this, (We let them wander) We leave them (blindly on
in their contumacy) in their disbelief and error.
[6:111]
(And though We should send down the angels) as they have
asked and testified in favour of that which they denied (unto them) unto those
who sneer, (and the dead should speak unto them) from their graves, as they
asked, telling them that Muhammad is Allah's Messenger and that the Qur'an is
Allah's speech, (and We should gather against them all things) of birds and
beasts (in array) face to face, testifying that what We say is the Truth and
affirming that which they have denied, (they would not believe) in Muhammad and
the Qur'an (unless Allah so willed) that they believe. (Howbeit, most of them
are ignorant) that it is the Truth from Allah.
[6:112]
(Thus) just as We have appointed Abu Jahl and those who sneer as your
enemies, so (have We appointed unto every Prophet an adversary) a tyrant
(devils of humankind and jinn) He says: We appointed human and jinn devils (who
inspire in) dictate to (one another plausible discourse through guile) in order
to deceive the son of Adam. (If thy Lord willed they would not do so) i.e.
dictate plausible discourse and beguiling; (so leave them alone) leave, O Muhammad,
those who sneer and their folk (with their devising) their embellishment of
words and deception;
[6:113]
(That the hearts of those who believe not in the Hereafter) who do not
believe in resurrection after death (may incline thereto) to such embellishment
of words and deception, (and that they may take pleasure therein) and so that
they may accept from the satans such embellishment and deception, (and that
they may earn what they are earning) of sin.
[6:114]
Then, say to them, O Muhammad: (Shall I seek other than Allah for judge)
shall I worship as Lord other than Allah, (when He it is who has revealed unto
you) you are your prophet ((this) Scripture) this Qur'an through the
intermediary of Gabriel, (fully explained?) explaining fully the lawful and the
unlawful; it is also said: it is revealed in instalments, a few verses on each
occasion. (Those unto whom We gave the Scripture) those to whom We have given
knowledge of the Torah, i.e. 'Abdullah Ibn Salam and his followers (know) are
certain on the basis of their Scripture (that it) i.e. the Qur'an (is revealed
from thy Lord in truth) with commands and prohibitions; it is also said that
this means: Gabriel is sent by your Lord with the Truth, i.e. with the Qur'an.
(So be not thou (O Muhammad) of the waverers) of those who doubt that they
might not know this.
[6:115]
(Perfected is the Word of thy Lord) the Qur'an, detailing the commands and
prohibitions (in truth) in His speech (and justice) from Him. (There is naught
that can change His words) the Qur'an; it is also said that this means: the
Word of your Lord has prescribed that His friends shall triumph. He is truthful
in His speech and just in that which shall come. Nothing can change His words
about His giving help to His friend. It is also said that this means: the
religion of your Lord is now manifest, people truthfully believe that it is
Allah's religion. Allah's command is just and nothing will ever change His
religion. (He is the Hearer) of their speech, (the Knower) of them and their
works.
[6:116]
(If thou obeyedst) O Muhammad (most of those on earth) i.e. the Meccan
leaders who were Abu'l-Ahwas Malik Ibn 'Awf al-Jushami, Budayl Ibn Warqa'
al-Khuza'i and Julays Ibn Warqa' al-Khuza'i (they would mislead thee far from
Allah's way) in the Sacred Precinct. (They follow naught but an opinion) they
pronounce nothing but surmise, (and they do but guess) they lie to the
believers when they say to them: that which Allah immolates is better than that
which you slaughter with your own knives.
[6:117]
(Lo! thy Lord, He knoweth best who erreth from His way) from His religion
and obedience; (and He knoweth best (who are) the rightly guided) to His
religion, i.e. Muhammad (pbuh) and his Companions.
[6:118]
(Eat of that over which the name of Allah hath been
mentioned) of immolated animals, (if ye are believers in His revelations) in
the Qur'an.
[6:119]
(How should ye not eat of that over which the name of Allah hath been
mentioned) of immolated animals, (when He hath explained unto you that which is
forbidden unto you) such as the meat of carrion, blood and pork, (unless you
are compelled thereto) except if you are forced to eat the meat of carrion.
(But lo! Many) Abu'l-Ahwas and his folk (are led astray by their own lusts)
call on you to eat the meat of carrion (through ignorance) or proof. (Lo! your
Lord, He is best aware of the transgressors) who move from the lawful to that
which is unlawful.
[6:120]
(Forsake the outwardness of sin) the adultery of the
outward (and the inwardness thereof) secret adultery,
i.e. taking lovers in secret. (Lo! those who garner sin) those who commit
adultery (will be awarded) a lashing in this world and punishment in the
Hereafter because of (that which they have earned) i.e. committing adultery.
[6:121]
(And eat not of that whereon Allah's name hath not been mentioned) of
immolated animals intentionally, (for lo! it is abomination) i.e. eating it
without a necessity is a sin and declaring it lawful, in denial of the
revelation, is an act of disbelief. (Lo! the devils do inspire) whisper to
(their minions) Abu'l-Ahwas and his folk (to dispute with you) regarding the
consumption of the meat of carrion, idolatry and about the angels being the
daughters of Allah. (But if you obey them) in their idolatry and the consumption
of the meat of carrion, declaring it lawful without being in dire need of it,
(ye will be in truth idolaters) like them.
[6:122]
(Is he who was dead) i.e. the disbeliever; this verse was revealed about
'Ammar Ibn Yasir, Abu Jahl Ibn Hisham (and We have raised him unto life) and We
honoured him with faith, referring to 'Ammar Ibn Yasir, (and set for him a
light) knowledge (wherein he walketh) wherein he is guided (among men) it is
also said that (and set for him a light) means: We set for him a light on the
Bridge over hell in the midst of people, (as him whose similitude is in utter
darkness) the error of disbelief in this world and the darkness of Gehenna on
the Day of Judgement, the reference here is to Abu Jahl (whence he cannot
emerge) he cannot free himself from disbelief and error in this world nor from
the darkness in the Hereafter? (Thus is their conduct made fair-seeming for the
disbelievers) thus We made his works seem fair to Abu Jahl.
[6:123]
(And thus have We made in every city great ones of its wicked ones) their
leaders, tyrants and wealthy citizens, as We made in the city of Mecca those
who sneer and their friend, Abu Jahl and his folk, (that they should plot
therein) that they should engage in transgression and corruption; it is also said
that this means: so that they deny therein the prophets. (They do but plot
against themselves) He says: the punishment and ruination of the transgressions
and corruption they commit will be to their detriment, (though they perceive
not) this.
[6:124]
(And when a token cometh unto them) when a verse comes down from heaven
informing of what al-Walid Ibn al-Mughirah, 'Abd Yalayl and Abu Mas'ud
al-Thaqafi were doing, (they say: We will not believe) in this verse (till we
are given) the Scripture like (that which Allah's messengers are given) meaning
Muhammad (pbuh). (Allah knoweth best with whom to place His message) He knows
best to whom He sends Gabriel with His message. (Humiliation) degradation and
abasement (from Allah and heavy punishment will smite the guilty) the
idolaters, i.e. al-Walid and his friends (for their scheming) for their denial
of the messengers.
[6:125] (And whomsoever it is Allah's will to guide)
to His religion, (He expandeth his bosom) His heart (unto the Surrender) unto
accepting Islam, (and whomsoever it is His will to send astray) to leave in
error and disbelief, (He maketh his bosom) He leaves his heart (close) like the
ferrule of a spear (and narrow) in doubt; this could also mean: the light
cannot find a way, or a passage to his heart (as if he were engaged in sheer
ascent) like a person who is told to rise in heaven: the heart of such a person
is not guided to Islam. (Thus Allah layeth ignominy) Allah leaves denial (upon
those) in the heart of those (who believe not) in Muhammad (pbuh), or in the
Qur'an, and then He punishes them for their disbelief.
[6:126]
(This is the path of thy Lord) this is the doing of your Lord, (a straight
path) a just path; it is also said this means: This Islam is the religion of
your Lord which He is pleased with; it is straight and well established. (We
have detailed Our revelations) i.e. the Qur'an, by explaining the commands and
prohibitions, the causes of humiliation and the reasons for honour (for a
people who take heed) for a people who understand and therefore believe. It is
also said that (And whomsoever it is Allah's will to guide) was revealed about
the Prophet (pbuh) and Abu Jahl; it is also said to have been revealed about
'Ammar Ibn Yasir and Abu Jahl.
[6:127]
(For them) for the believers (is the abode of peace with their Lord) Peace
(al-Salam) is Allah and His abode is Paradise. (He be their Protecting Friend)
who bestows upon them honour and reward (because of what they used to do) and
say of goodness in the life of this world.
[6:128]
(In the day when He will gather them together) the jinn and human beings
((He will say): O ye assembly of the jinn! Many of humankind did ye seduce) how
many human beings have erred by seeking help in you. (And their adherents) the
adherents of the jinn (among humankind) who sought help in the leaders of the
jinn upon camping at a valley or hunting a beast of theirs, used to say: 'we
seek refuge in the master of this valley from the foolish among his people',
and used to feel safe after saying this, (will say: Our Lord!) O our Lord! (We
enjoyed one another) we benefited from one another; the benefit of the human
beings was safety from the jinn, and that of the jinn, their status and
position among their people (but now we have arrived at the appointed term
which Thou appointedst for us) i.e. death. (He) Allah (will say) to them: (Fire
is your home) is your dwelling, O group of jinn. (Abide therein for ever)
abiding in the Fire, (save him whom Allah willeth (to deliver)) but Allah wills
that they abide therein for eternity. (Lo! thy Lord is Wise) He decreed that
they will abide in hell for ever, (Aware) of them and of their punishment.
[6:129]
(Thus We let some of the wrong-doers) the idolaters (have power over
others) in the life of this world and in the Hereafter; it is also said that
this means: We let some of the idolaters have authority over others (because of
what they are wont to earn) and say of evil.
[6:130]
(O ye assembly of the jinn and, humankind! Came there not
unto you messengers of your own) i.e. human messengers: Muhammad (pbuh) and all
other messengers, and among the jinn, the nine who came to the Prophet (pbuh)
and then went back to their people to deliver the message; it is also said that
the jinn had a prophet of their own called Joseph, (who recounted) recited
(unto you My tokens) detailing commands and prohibitions (and warned you of the
meeting) the punishment (of this your Day? They) the humans and jinn (will say:
We testify against ourselves) that they delivered the message and that we
disbelieved them. Allah said: (And the life of the world) that which is in the
life of this world of comfort and enjoyment (beguiled them. And they testify
against themselves) in the Hereafter (that they were disbelievers) in the life
of this world.
[6:131]
(This) i.e. sending messengers (is because your Lord destroyeth not the
townships) the people of the townships (arbitrarily) because of their idolatry
or transgression; it is also said that this means: out of injustice (while
their people are unconscious) of the commands and prohibitions and the
conveyance of the messengers.
[6:132]
(For all) among the jinn and human beings (there will be ranks) for the
believers among the jinn and humans in Paradise, and dungeons in hell for the
unbelievers (from what they did) of good or evil (Thy Lord is not unaware)
oblivious (of what they do) of good or evil; it is also said that this means:
He is not going to suspend the punishment due for their transgressions.
[6:133]
(Thy Lord is the Absolute) free of the need for their faith, (the Lord of
Mercy) in that He defers punishment for him who believes in Him. (If He will,
He can remove you) destroy you, O people of Mecca (and can cause what He will
to follow after you, even as He raised you from the seed of other folk)
generation after generation.
[6:134]
(Lo! that which ye are promised) of torment (will surely come to pass, and
ye cannot escape) such a torment, for it will reach wherever you are.
[6:135]
(Say) O Muhammad, to the unbelievers of Mecca: (O my people! Work according
to your power) according to your religion in your own homes to destroy me. (Lo!
I too am working) to destroy you. (Thus ye will come to know for which of us
will be the happy sequel) i.e. Paradise. (Lo! the wrong-doers) the idolaters
(will not be successful) safe nor will they escape from Allah's torment.
[6:136]
(They assign unto Allah) they ascribe to Allah, (of the crops and cattle)
camels, oxen and the camels which graze freely (which He created, a portion,
and they say: “This is Allah's” in their make believe “and this is for (His)
partners) their gods (in regard to us”. Thus that which (they assign) unto His
partners) their gods (in them reacheth not Allah) does not go to that which
they have assigned to Allah (and that which (they assign) unto Allah goeth to
your (so called) partners) so called gods. (Evil is their ordinance) evil is
that which they decree for themselves.
[6:137]
(Thus) just as We have made their words and works seem fair to them (have
their (so called) partners) among the devil (made the killing of their
children) their daughters (to seem fair unto many of the idolaters, that they
may ruin them) destroy them (and make their faith) the religion of Abraham and
Ishmael (obscure for them. Had Allah willed (it otherwise), they had not done
so) i.e. killing their daughters and making it seem fair to them. (So leave
them alone with their devices) with their lies when they claim that Allah
commanded them to bury their daughters alive.
[6:138]
(And they say: Such cattle) i.e. the Bahirah, al-Sa'ibah, al-Wasilah and
al-Ham (and crops are forbidden. No one is to eat of them save whom We will in
their make believe) they means men to the exclusion of women (cattle whose
backs are forbidden) i.e. what is known as al-Ham, (cattle over which they
mention not the name of Allah) when they get pregnant or deliver, this is what
is called al-Bahirah. ((All that is) a lie against Him) i.e. that He commanded
them to do so. (He will repay them for that which they invent) for lying against
Him.
[6:139]
(And they say: That which is in the bellies of such cattle) i.e. al-Bahirah
and al-Wasilah (is reserved) lawful (for our males) men (and is forbidden to
our wives; but if it be born dead) or dies consequently, (then they (all))
males and females (may be partakers thereof) in eating its meat. (He will
reward them) this is a threat to them (for their attribution (ordinances unto
Him)) it is also said that this means: He will reward them with what will
happen to them. This is because the Prophet (pbuh) saw 'Amr ibn Luhayy, who
taught them the unlawfulness of the cattle described above, dragging his guts
from his behind. (Lo, He is Wise) He made that which is lawful permitted,
(Aware) of their ascription of unlawfulness to things that are lawful.
[6:140]
(They are losers who besottedly) out of ignorance (have slain their
children) have buried their daughters alive (without knowledge) this was
revealed about Rabi'ah and Mudar, two leaders of Arab clans buried their
daughters alive in the pre-Islamic period, except for the the Banu Kinanah who
did not engage in such a practice, (and have forbidden) for women (that which
Allah bestowed upon them) that which Allah has made lawful for them of cattle
and crops, (inventing a lie against Allah. They indeed have gone astray) they
are in error about what they say (and are not guided) to the guidance and right
in that which they ascribe unlawfulness.
[6:141]
(He it is Who produceth) creates (gardens trellised) spread out: i.e. not
resting on trunks such as vines and other vegetations (and untrellised) that
which rests on trunks such as walnuts and almonds, (and the date-palm, and
crops of diverse flavour) sweetness and sourness, (and the olive) and He
created the olive tree (and the pomegranate) of pomegranate trees, (like) in
colour and appearance (and unlike) in taste. (Eat you of the fruit thereof) of
the fruit of the palm-tree (when it fruits) when it ripens, (and pay the due
thereof upon the harvest day) it could also mean upon measuring it, (and be not
prodigal) do not spend in disobedience of Allah nor prevent the obedience of
Allah; it is also said that this means: do not forbid the Bahirah, the Sa'ibah,
the Wasilah and the Ham. (Lo! Allah loveth not the prodigals) those who spend
in disobedience of Allah; or it could mean: the idolaters. It is said that this
verse was revealed about Thabit Ibn Qays who collected with his own hands the
harvest of 500 palm-trees and gave it away, not leaving a thing for his own
family.
[6:142]
(And of the cattle) He creates of the cattle (some for burdens) like camels
and oxen, (some for food) and some not for burdens such as sheep and young
camels. (Eat of that which Allah hath bestowed upon you) of crops and cattle,
(and follow not the footsteps of the devil) what the devil has made seem fair
by forbidding some crops and cattle, (for lo! he is an open foe to you) whose
enmity is quite manifest, for he commands you to forbid some crops and cattle.
[6:143]
(Eight pairs) He created eight pairs: (Of the sheep twain) male and female,
(and of the goats twain) male and female. (Say) to Malik, O Muhammad: (Hath He
forbidden the two males or the two females) is the prohibition of the Bahirah
and Wasilah because of the fluids of the two males or those of the two females,
(or that which the wombs of the two females contain) before copulation?
(Expound to me (the case) with knowledge, if ye are truthful) that Allah has
made unlawful that which you claim.
[6:144] (And of the camels) and He created of the
camels (twain) male and female (and of the oxen twain) male and female. (Say) O
Muhammad, to Malik: (Hath He forbidden the two males or the two females) is the
prohibition of the Bahirah and Wasilah because of the fluids of the two males
or those of the two females, (or that which the wombs of the two females
contain) before copulation? Another way of understanding this is as follows: is
this prohibited because what is delivered is male or because it is female? (or
were ye by to witness when Allah commanded you (all) this) all that you claim?
(Then who doth greater wrong) who is more insolent and bolder vis-à-vis Allah
(than he who deviseth) invents (a lie concerning Allah, that he may lead
mankind astray) from Allah's religion and obedience (without knowledge) from
Allah. (Lo! Allah guideth not) does not direct to His religion and proof
(wrong-doing folk) the idolaters, meaning: Malik Ibn 'Awf.
[6:145]
Malik Ibn 'Awf understood what was required of him and kept silent.
Instead, he said: “Let me hear from you, O Muhammad, why our forefathers
forbade them”. So Allah said: (Say) O Muhammad: (I find not in that which is
revealed unto me) i.e. the Qur'an (aught prohibited to an eater that he eat
thereof, except it be carrion, or blood poured forth, or swine flesh for that
verily is foul) unlawful (or the abomination) an immolated animal (which was
immolated to the name of other than Allah) intentionally. (But whoso is
compelled (thereto)) whoever is forced to eat the meat of carrion, (neither
craving) i.e. without infringement on Muslims nor deeming the meat of carrion
lawful in other than necessity (nor transgressing) nor committing highway
robbery or intentionally eating of the meat of carrion without being compelled
to do so, ((for him) lo! your Lord is Forgiving) if he eats to satiety,
(Merciful) in that which He made dispensation for him. However, he ought not to
eat to satiety, and if he does, Allah will pardon him.
[6:146]
(Unto those who are Jews We forbade every animal with
claws) every bird with claws and every predatory animal with teeth, as well as
every beast that has claws such as camels, ducks, geese, egrets and rabbits.
All these were forbidden for them. (And of the oxen and the sheep forbade We
unto them the fat thereof)
i.e. the fat spread between the bowels and intestines and the fat spread
over the kidneys (save that upon the backs or the entrails, or that which is
mixed with the bone) such as the tail; all these were lawful for them. (That)
which We made unlawful for them (We awarded them) We punished them (for their
rebellion) because of their transgression We made all these forbidden for them.
(And lo! We verily are Truthful) in what We have said.
[6:147]
(So if they give the lie to thee) O Muhammad regarding the prohibitions
that We described to you, (say: Your Lord is a Lord of all-embracing mercy)
towards the pious and sinner alike, in that He defers torment to the next life,
(and His wrath) His torment (will never be withdrawn from guilty folk) the
idolaters.
[6:148]
(They who are idolaters will say: Had Allah willed, we had not ascribed
(unto Him) partners neither had our fathers nor had we forbidden aught) of
crops and cattle, but this has been commanded and forbidden for us. (Thus) just
as did your people give the lie (did those who were before them give the lie)
to their messengers (till they tasted of the fear of Us) Our torment. (Say) O
Muhammad: (Have ye any knowledge) any clarification regarding what you describe
as unlawful (that ye can adduce for us? Lo! ye follow naught but an opinion)
your prohibition of crops and cattle is nothing but surmise. (Lo! Ye do but
guess) you just lie.
[6:149]
(Say) to them, O Muhammad, if you do not have an argument for your claim,
then (For Allah's is the final argument) the most firm argument. (Had He willed
He could indeed have guided all of you) to His religion.
[6:150] (Say) to them, O Muhammad: (Come, bring your
witnesses who can bear witness that Allah forbade (all) this) that you claim of
crops and cattle. (And if they) falsely (bear witness) that they are forbidden,
(do not you bear witness with them. Follow thou not the whims of those who deny
Our revelations) i.e. the Qur'an, (those who believe not in the Hereafter) in
resurrection after death (and deem (others) equal with their Lord) take idols
as His partners.
[6:151]
(Say) O Muhammad to Malik Ibn 'Awf and his fellows: (Come, I will recite
unto you that which your Lord hath made a sacred duty for you) in the Scripture
that was revealed to me: (that ye ascribe no thing as partner unto Him) the
first thing is that you do not associate with Him any of the idols (and that
you do good to parents) you be dutiful to parents, (and that ye slay not your
children) your daughters (because of penury) out of fear of humiliation and
poverty. (We provide for you and for them) i.e. for your children (and that ye
draw not nigh to lewd things) fornication (whether open) i.e. open fornication
(or concealed) taking lovers in secret. (And that ye slay not the life which
Allah hath made sacred, save in the course of justice) as a result of cases
such as retaliation, stoning, apostasy. (This He hath commanded you) in the
Qur'an, (in order that you may discern) His command and divine Oneness.
[6:152]
(And approach not the wealth of the orphan save with that which is better)
through protecting it and making it grow; (till he reach maturity) legal age
and shows righteousness in his character. (Give full measure and full weight,
in justice. We task not any soul) upon measuring and weighing (beyond its
scope) beyond its effort to establish justice. (And if you give your word, do
justice thereunto) be truthful, (even though it be (against) a kinsman) you
should be truthful and say what is true; (and fulfil the covenant of Allah.
This He commandeth you that haply ye may remember) haply you may heed the
admonition.
[6:153]
(And (He commandeth you, saying): This) Islam (is My straight path) it is
well established and I am pleased with it, (so follow it. Follow not other
ways) i.e. Judaism, Christianity and Zoroastrianism, (lest ye be parted from
His way) from His religion: (This hath He ordained for you) He commanded for
you in the Book, (that ye may ward off (evil)) that you may ward off these
different ways.
[6:154]
(Again, We gave the Scripture) the Torah (unto Moses, complete) with
commands and prohibitions, promises and threats, reward and punishment (for him
who would do good) for him who is in a good state; it is also said that this
means: for him who follows the excellence of Moses and the conveyance of the
message of his Lord, (an explanation of all things) He says: it is an
exposition of all things regarding the lawful and the unlawful, (a guidance)
from error (and a mercy) that absolves the one who believes in Allah from His
torment, (that they might believe in the meeting with their Lord) that they
might believe in resurrection after death.
[6:155]
(And this is a blessed) comprises mercy and forgiveness for the person who
believes (Scripture) i.e. the Qur'an (which We have revealed) which We have
sent Gabriel with. (So follow it) follow its lawful and unlawful, commands and
prohibitions (and ward off (evil)) ward off other than it, (that ye may find
mercy) and not be tormented.
[6:156]
(Lest ye should say) so that you will not say, O people of Mecca, on the
Day of Judgement: (The Scripture was revealed only to two sects) the people of
two religions (before us) i.e. the Jews and Christians, (and we in sooth were
unaware) ignorant (of what they read) their reading of the Torah and the
Gospel;
[6:157]
(Or lest you should say) and so that you will not say on the Day of
Judgement: (If the Scripture had been revealed unto us) as it was revealed to
the Jews and Christians, (we surely had been better guided than are they) we
would be swifter in answering the Messenger and we would also have a sounder
religion. (Now hath there come unto you a clear proof) a clarification (from
your Lord) i.e. the Qur'an and the Messenger, (a guidance) from error (and a
mercy) for the one who believes in him; (and who doeth greater wrong) who is
more insolent and more daring vis-à-vis Allah (than he who denieth the
revelations of Allah) who denies Muhammad (pbuh) and the Qur'an, (and turneth
away from them? We award unto those who turn away from Our revelations)
Muhammad (pbuh) and the Qur'an (an evil doom) a severe torment (because of
their aversion) vis-à-vis Muhammad and the Qur'an.
[6:158]
(Wait they) i.e. the people of Mecca, (indeed, for nothing less than that
the angels should come unto them) to take their souls away at the moment of
death, (or thy Lord should come) on the Day of Judgement, and His coming is
without modality, (or there should come one of the portents from thy Lord) i.e.
the rising of the sun from the West? (In the day when one of the portents from
they Lord cometh) before the rising of the sun from the West, (its belief
availeth naught a soul which theretofore) before the rising of the sun from the
West (believed not, nor in its belief earned good) nor was it sincere in its
belief, nor doing any good works before the rising of the sun from the West.
This is because no faith, works or repentance are accepted from an unbeliever
who embraces Islam upon seeing the sun rise from the West, unless that person
is young at that time or is born after. In such a case, if he leaves Islam after
the sun rises from the West and then returns to Islam, his repentance is
accepted. Likewise, the repentance of a sinning believer who repents of his
sins after the sun rises from the West is accepted. (Say) O Muhammad to the
people of Mecca: (Wait you) the Day of Judgement! (Lo! We (too) are waiting)
for your punishment on the Day of Judgement or before the Day of Judgement; it
is also said that this means: Say, O Muhammad, wait for my destruction, I am
also waiting for yours.
[6:159]
(Lo! As for those who sunder their religion) those who have left the
religion of their forefathers; it is also said that this means: those turned
back on their pledge on the Day of the primordial Covenant; it can also be
understood to mean: those who differed in their religion (and become
schismatics) they became different groups: Judaism, Christianity and
Zoroastrianism, (no concern at all hast thou with them) you are not required to
fight them. However, he was later commanded to fight them. It is also said that
this means: their repentance or punishment are not in your hands. (Their case
will go to Allah, who then will tell them what they used to do) of good and
evil.
[6:160]
(Whoso bringeth a good deed) while confessing Allah's divine Oneness (will
receive tenfold the like thereof, while whoso bringeth an ill deed) while
ascribing partners to Allah (will be awarded but the like thereof) i.e. the
Fire; (and they will not be wronged) their good deeds will not be diminished
nor will their bad deeds be increased.
[6:161]
(Say) O Muhammad, to the people of Mecca, the Jews and to
the Christians: (Lo! As for me, my Lord hath guided me unto a straight path) my
Lord has honoured me with His religion and has commanded me to call people to
His religion; it is also said that this means: my Lord has shown how to call
people to His to (a right religion, the community of Abraham) the religion of
Abraham, (the upright) who surrendered to Allah and (who was no idolater) he
did not follow the idolaters in their religion.
[6:162]
(Say) O Muhammad: (Lo! my worship) the five daily prayers (and, my
sacrifice) my religion, proof, sacrifice and worship (and my living and my
dying are for Allah) in this world are for the sake of Allah's obedience and
pleasure, (Lord of the Worlds) the Master of the jinn and human beings.
[6:163]
(He hath no partner. This am I commanded, and I am first of those who
surrender (unto Him)) I am the first of those who sincerely worship Him and
confess His divine Oneness.
[6:164]
(Say) O Muhammad: (Shall I seek another than Allah for Lord) shall I
worship other than Allah, (when He is Lord of all things) when everything is
from Him? (Each soul earneth) of sins (only on its own account) as a
punishment, (nor doth any laden bear another's load) of sins; it is also said
that this means: no soul shall be taken to task for the sins of another soul;
and it is also said that this means: no soul will be tormented for committing
no sin; as it is said that this means: no soul bears the burden of another soul
with pleasure; it does so only when it is forced. (Then unto your Lord is your
return) after you die (and He will tell you that wherein) in Religion (you
differed) you contravened.
[6:165]
(He it is who hath placed you as vicegerents of the earth) in the place of
past nations (and hath exalted some of you in rank above others) in merit in
terms of wealth and servants, (that He may try you) that He may test you (by
(the test of) that which He hath given you) of wealth and servants. (Lo! Thy
Lord is swift in prosecution) towards the one who disbelieves in Him or who
does not give thanks to Him, (and lo! He is Forgiving) He pardons, (Merciful)
towards the person who believes in Him'. And of the surah in which the Heights
are mentioned, which is Meccan in its entirety, and comprises 206 verses, 3,625
words and 14,310 letters:
